An arrangement of a voltammetric cell specially designed to be compatible to both centrifugation and voltammetry was designed, allowing direct measurement without any need for dissolution or filtration steps. The procedure for the preconcentration via coprecipitation is described. The system was succesfully tested using trace amounts of Pb(II) ions in aqueous solution preconcentrated with Al(OH) 3 as the carrier precipitate and resulting peak currents were found much higher than those without applying centrifugation. The effects of the parameters on the resulting signal were examined and the detection limit was found as 2.2 Â 10 À9 M. The present study demonstrates a novel procedure which combines the advantages of coprecipitation with those of anodic stripping voltammetry in a single cell. For this purpose, a vessel compatible to both a voltammetric analyzer and centrifuge was constructed. A planar electrode was placed at the bottom of the cell in order to accumulate a thin layer of adsorptive materials onto the surface by centrifugation. First experiments with this cell include voltammetric determination of Pb(II) ions with the help of preconcentration via coprecipitation thus avoiding the filtration and dissolution steps.Al(OH) 3 is widely used as a collector precipitate. A thin layer of Al(OH) 3 produced by centrifugation at the electrode surface can adsorbe and therefore preconcentrate trace elements. The main objective of the study is to trap the analyte, i.e., lead ion, between the alumina layer and the electrode surface by coprecipitation. It also provides a conductive coating which allows for the voltammetric measurement directly in the same cell eliminating labourous filtration and dissolution steps.A previous study on preconcentration recommends the use of 200 mg aluminum salt per 200 mL solution for Pb(II) enrichment [7]. This value reflects the maximum amount of Pb(II) ions carried by the precipitate for optimal separation. In terms of sensitivity, the optimization of Al(III) concentration that will yield the maximum peak current for lead ions is necessary for the present work. Among the concentrations examined, best results for enriched Pb(II) ions were obtained with 5 Â 10 À5 M Al(III) solution (data not shown). Higher concentrations produce a thicker aluminum hydroxide layer on the electrode surface that will render the reduction process of Pb(II) ions trapped.As is well known, the medium pH influences the amount and adsorption capacity of the precipitate. Upon addition of aluminum salts to the aqueus solution, hydrolysis reactions take place leading to the formation of monomers and multinuclear hydrolyzed species depending on the pH of the medium [8]. Therefore, the pH effect was examined in a
a b s t r a c tAside from its excellent mechanical properties, spider silk (SS) would offer an active surface for heavy metal interaction due to its rich protein structure. The present study describes the potential use of natural (SS) as a sorbent of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Single and multi-species biosorption experiments of heavy metals by natural SS were conducted using batch and column experiments. The biosorption kinetics, in general, was found to follow the second-order rate expression, and the experimental equilibrium biosorption data fitted reasonably well to Freundlich isotherm. From the Freundlich isotherm, the biosorption capacities of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions onto SS were found as 0.20 and 0.007 mmol g -1 , respectively. The results showed a decrease in the extent of metal ion uptake with lowering the pH.
A biosensor was developed by immobilizing laccase onto mercury thin film electrode (MTFE) by means of gelatin that is then crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Mercury thin film (MTF) was deposited onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and the obtained biosensor was utilized for the determination of phenolic compounds. The measurement was based on the amperometric detection of oxygen consumption in relation to analyte oxidation. The optimum experimental conditions for the biosensor were investigated and the system was calibrated for both catechol and phenol. A linear relationship between sensor responses and analyte concentrations was obtained in concentration range between 0.5 x 10(-6)-5.0 x 10(-6)M for catechol and 2.5 x 10(-6)-2.0 x 10(-6)M for phenol, respectively. Mercury thin film was also formed onto the surface of screen printed graphite electrodes and applied for the catechol detection. The linearity was observed in concentration range between 2.5 x 10(-6)-3.0 x 10(-5)M.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.