In this study, we were able to show the significant improvement in gustatory sensitivity of morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for the first time in literature.

Chemical senses such as odor, taste and appearance are directly related with appetite. Understanding the relation between appetite and flavor is getting more important due to increasing number of obese patients worldwide. The literature on the studies investigating the change in olfactory abilities and gustatory sensitivity mostly performed using food-related odors and tastes rather than standardized tests were developed to study olfaction and gustation. Therefore, results are inconsistent and the relationship between olfactory and gustatory sensitivity with respect to the actual state of human satiety is still not completely understood. Here, for the first time in literature, we investigated the change in both olfactory abilities and gustatory sensitivity in hunger and in satiety using 123 subjects (37 men, 86 women; mean age 31.4 years, age range 21-41 years). The standardized Sniffin' Sticks Extended Test and Taste Strips were used for olfactory testing and gustatory sensitivity, respectively. TDI score (range 1-48) was calculated as the collective scores of odor threshold (T), odor discrimination (D) and odor identification (I). The evaluation was performed in two successive days where the hunger state of test subjects was confirmed by blood glucose test strips (mean blood glucose level 90.0 ± 5.6 mg/dl in hunger and 131.4 ± 8.1 mg/dl in satiety). The results indicated statistically significant decrease in olfaction in satiety compared to hunger (mean TDI 39.3 ± 1.1 in hunger, 37.4 ± 1.1 in satiety, p < 0.001). The comparison of gustatory sensitivity indicated significantly higher sensitivity to sweet, sour and salty in hunger (p < 0.001), but significantly higher sensitivity to bitter tastant in satiety (p < 0.001). With this prospective study, we were able to show that both olfactory abilities and gustatory sensitivity were affected by hunger state.

IV.

Amaç: Bu prospektif olgu-kontrollü çal›flmada Sinonazal Sonuç Testinin (SNOT-22) Türkçeye çevirisi, kültürler aras› adaptasyonu ve validasyonunu gerçeklefltirmeyi amaçlad›k. Yöntem: Türkçe anketin validasyonu orijinal SNOT-22 maddelerinin anadili Türkçe olan, birbirlerinden ba¤›ms›z iki çevirmen taraf›ndan ‹ngilizceden Türkçeye, daha sonra anadili ‹ngilizce olan baflka iki çevirmen taraf›ndan yeniden Türkçeden ‹ngilizceye çevrilmesini içermifltir. Kronik rinosinüziti (KRS) olan hastalarda test-yeniden test güvenilirli¤i ifllemi gerçeklefltirilmifltir. ‹ki ayr› doktor SNOT-22 anketini iki kez uygulam›flt›r. Bulgular: Test ve yeniden test etme süreçlerinde Cronbach alfa katsa-y›lar›n›n s›ras›yla 0.88 ve 0.90 olmas› SNOT-22 anketinin iyi bir iç tu-tarl›l›¤a sahip oldu¤unu düflündürmektedir. Pearson korelasyon katsay›-s›n›n 0.97 olmas› yinelenen muayenelerde mükemmel bir korelasyonun varl›¤›n› ortaya ç›kartm›flt›r. Tek tek maddeler için hesaplanan kappa de¤erleri ortalamas›n›n 0.83 olmas› yüksek bir tekrarlanabilirlik düzeyini göstermektedir. Sa¤l›kl› kiflilerin ortalama SNOT-22 skorlar›n›n hasta grubuyla karfl›laflt›rmas› iki grup aras›nda istatistiksel aç›dan anlaml› farkl›l›k oldu¤unu göstererek sa¤l›kl› bireylerle, KRS'si olan hastalar›n ayr›m›nda Türkçe SNOT-22'nin geçerlili¤ini kan›tlam›flt›r. Postoperatif ve preoperatif ortalama SNOT-22 skorlar›ndaki istatistiksel aç›dan anlaml› azalma bu arac›n duyarl› oldu¤unu göstermifltir. Sonuç: Sonuçlar SNOT-22'nin Türkçe versiyonunun iyi bir iç tutar-l›l›k, mükemmel bir tekrarlanabilirlik, validite ve KRS hastalar›n› de-¤erlendirmede duyarl›l›¤a (yan›t verilebilirli¤e) sahip oldu¤una iflaret etmifltir.

No abstract

Here, for the first time in literature, we were able to show the significant improvement in olfactory abilities of morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Our histopathologic examinations showed that there were changes of varying severity in all the CTNs such as scarcity of unmyelinated nerve fibers, Schwann cell nucleus condensation, scarcity of Schwann cell cytoplasm, adaxonal vacuolation and edema, myelin sheath disintegration, shrunken electron-dense axoplasm, increased collagen fibers, adaxonal circular lamellar complex, interstitial edema, and vacuolation of Schwann cell cytoplasm.

Our data on the short- and long-term olfactory abilities of 42 patients with nasal septal perforation after NSPR when using an olfaction test kit indicated statistically significant improvement in olfactory function.