Objective: Serum biomarkers are frequently used to assess disease activities in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn disease (CD). But none of them are specific for intestinal inflammation. There are studies showing that hematological parameters predict inflammation in the body. Although previous studies have shown that the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with disease activity in UC, this relationship has not been shown in CD. In our study, the relationship of NLR and other hematological parameters to disease activity in UC and CD was evaluated. Material and Method:A total of 197 UC (107 active, 90 remission), 97 CD (50 active, 47 remission) and 26 age and sex matched healthy control groups were included in the study. The disease activity and CRP, ESR, hemogram parameters were recorded. NLR, Platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), MPV/platelet and RDW/platelet ratios were calculated. Parameters were compared between UC, CD and control groups according to activity status. Results:In UC, leukocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, platelet, plateletcrit (Pct), PLR, ESR, CRP values were found to increase significantly in the control, remission and active groups with a certain trend, respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT) and RDW/platelet were shown to decrease respectively. NLR and MPV/platelets were significantly different between the groups of active UC, UC in remission and control. Other parameters were not statistically significant. In CH, ESR, CRP, platelet, Pct, PLR were found to increase significantly with a certain trend in control, remission and active groups, respectively. Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH and RDW/platelets were found to decrease with a certain trend. Leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte count, MCHC, NLR and MPV/platelet were significantly different between the CD and control groups. In CD, eosinophil count and RDW were not statistically significant. ESR, CRP, NLR and PLR had acceptable sensitivity-specificity in predicting active patients in CD and UC. ESR, CRP, WBC, neutrophil, monocyte, platelet, Pct, NLR, PLR, MPV/platelet and RDW/platelet parameters were significant factors in predicting active disease in UC and CD. Conclusion:Many hemogram parameters change with activity in IBD. Although not specific for IBD, NLR and PLR are as effective as CRP and ESR in detecting active patients in IBD and can be used as markers to demonstrate activity.

R ecently, 3 cases of coexistent Takayasu arteritis (TA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were reported under the Images section in the Journal of Clinical Rheumatology. [1][2][3] Two had Crohn disease (CD), 1,2 and 1 had ulcerative colitis (UC). 3 The authors concluded in the latter report that "the occurrence of TA as an extraintestinal manifestation of UC/IBD is more common than previously assumed." 3 It was also stated that UC occurs more frequently than CD in TA. 2 We would like to raise 2 questions and provide explanations based on our own observations and the literature:

Background: Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology have enabled multigene testing and changed the diagnostic approach to hereditary gastrointestinal cancer/polyposis syndromes. The aim of this study was to analyze different cancer predisposition genes in hereditary/sporadic gastrointestinal cancer/polyposis. Methods: Cancer predisposition genes were analyzed with an Illumina MiSeq NGS system in 80 patients with gastrointestinal cancer/polyposis who were examined between the years 2016 and 2019. Deletion/duplication analysis of MLH1, MSH2, and EPCAM genes was performed by using the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method. Results: Germline testing of hereditary cancer-related genes was performed in 80 patients with gastrointestinal cancer/polyposis. A total of 30 variants in 30 cases (37.5%) were assessed as pathogenic/likely pathogenic. A total of 19 heterozygous variants were assessed as variants of uncertain clinical significance in 17 cases (21.25%) and 18 (22.5%) novel variations (9 pathogenic/likely pathogenic, 9 variants of uncertain significance) were determined. In 4 (5%) cases, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification detected deletions in MLH1, MSH2, and EPCAM genes. Conclusion: The accumulation of analyses with multigene testing will increase the available data for cancer predisposition genes in hereditary gastrointestinal cancer/polyposis. Educational campaigns for prevention, efficient screening programs, and more personalized care based on the profile of individual patients are necessary.

ÖZETAmaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, trinitrobenzensulfonikasid (TNBS) ile deneysel kolit oluşturulan ratları kullanarak kısa zincirli yağ asitlerinin ülseratif kolit tedavisindeki yerini tartışmaktır.Yöntem: Bu araştırmada, deneysel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Ortalama ağırlıkları 150±30 gr. arasında değişen 30 dişi Wistar cinsi rat çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Ratlar randomize olarak 10'ar adetlik üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Gruplar, iki grup deney, bir grup kontrol grubu olmak üzere yine randomize olarak atanmıştır. Birinci deney grubuna 3. günden itibaren günde iki kez intrakolonik olarak KZYA, ikinci deney grubuna ilk günden itibaren günde iki kez KZYA olarak uygulanmıştır. Kontrol grubuna ise 3. günden itibaren günde iki kez serum fizyolojik uygulanmıştır. 6. günde çalışma sonlandırılarak ratlar dekapite edilmiştir. Kolon mukozasının makroskopik ve mikroskobik değerlendirmesiyle MPO aktivitesi değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: 1.-2., 2.-3., 1.-3. grupların kolon makroskopileri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0,05; p<0,01; p<0,01). 1.-2. grupların kolon MPO'ları arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p=0,139). 1.-3. ve 2.-3. grupların kolon MPO'lan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede farklılaşmaktadır (p<0,05; p<0,01). Tartışma: Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, 2. gruptaki kolon makroskopik skorlaması ve MPO aktiviteleri, 1. ve 3. gruplara nazaran istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede başarılıdır. Bu bulgu, KZYA'nin ÜK tedavisinde alternatif bir seçenek olabileceği sonucunu doğurmaktadır.Anahtar sözcükler: Kısa zincirli yağ asitleri. ülseratif kolit, trinitrobezensülfonik asit THE EFFECT OF SHORT-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS ON EPITHELIAL REPAIR IN EXPERIMENTAL COLITIS CREATED WITH TRINITROBENZENESULFONIC ACID IN RATS ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study is to discuss short-chain fatty acids' (SCFA) role in ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment by using rats which have experimental colitis created with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS).Method: In this study, the experimental research method was adopted. The study group consisted of 30 female Wistar rats which have 150±30 gr. average weights, Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 rats in each group. The groups were randomly assigned as two experimental groups and one control group. The first experimental group was administered SCFA intracolonically 2 times a day from the 3rd day, and the second experimental group was administered SCFA 2 times a day from the first day. The control group was given saline 2 times a day from the 3rd day. On day 6, the rats were decapitated. MPO activity evaluation and macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the colon mucosa was done. 1-2, 2-3, 1-3 (p<0.05, p<0.01; p<0.01). There was not a statistically significant difference between the colon MPOs of Group 1 and 2 (p=0.139). Groups 1-3 and 2-3 colon MPOs differed from each other significantly (p<0.05; p<0.01). Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the colon macroscopy results of the groupsD...

Özet Küresel olarak yaşadığımız Covid-19 pandemisi sonucunda, dünyada ve ülkemizde tüm tıp fakültelerinde yüz yüze yapılan tüm teorik dersler ve uygulamalar sonlandırılmış, uzaktan eğitim, dijital eğitim olanakları ile verilmeye başlanmıştır. Fakültemizde 2019-2020 bahar döneminde derslerin büyük bir çoğunluğu asenkron olarak yapıldı. Pandemi ile üniversitelerde sınavların yüz yüze yapılmaması kararları doğrultusunda sınavlar, Trakya Üniversitesi Uzaktan Eğitim Merkezi ve Medu-Trakya üzerinden online (asenkron) olarak yapılmıştır. Ulusal çekirdek eğitim programı 2020 yayınlandıktan hemen sonra teorik derslerin ve uygulamaların düzenlenmesi, pandemi koşullarında derslerin yüz yüze, asenkron veya senkron olarak hangi oranlarda yapılacağı ilgili ders ve staj kurulları tarafından planlandı. Sonuç olarak, COVID-19 pandemisinin tıp fakülteleri mezunlarında bulunması gereken yetkinlikler ve yeterlikler üzerinde yeniden düşünme ihtiyacını ortaya çıkardığı kanısındayız. Ayrıca tıp fakültelerinde yüz yüze eğitimin önemi bir kez daha ortaya çıkarken, uzaktan eğitim olanaklarının da etkin bir şekilde kullanılabileceğinin deneyimlendiği düşüncesindeyiz. Buradan hareketle gelecekte normalleşme süreciyle birlikte tıp eğitimi programlarının gözden geçirilerek yeniden yapılandırılmak suretiyle farklı boyutlara taşınacağı öngörülebilir.