Bakteri endofit merupakan salah satu kelompok mikrob yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agensia pengendalian hayati penyakit pada tanaman padi. Bakteri endofit yang diisolasi dari tanaman padi varietas lokal di Jambi telah diteliti mampu mengendalikan penyakit hawar daun bakteri pada tanaman padi. Selanjutnya diteliti potensi bakteri endofit tersebut dalam mengendalikan penyakit blas yang sebabkan oleh Pyricularia oryzae dan pengaruhnya pada produksi padi. Isolat bakteri endofit diuji daya hambatnya terhadap P. oryzae menggunakan metode biakan ganda. Isolat yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan mikrob tersebut secara in vitro, selanjutnya diujikan pada tanaman padi varietas Cisadane. Akar bibit padi direndam dalam suspensi bakteri endofit selama 6 jam kemudian ditanam pada media tanah dan pupuk kandang steril. Patogen diinokulasikan dengan menyemprotkan suspensi konidia mikrob pada permukaan daun padi pada 14 hari setelah tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 10 isolat bakteri endofit mampu menghambat pertumbuhan P. oryzae sebesar 26,56-79,69%. Perlakuan bakteri endofit pada bibit padi sebelum tanam mampu menghambat keparahan penyakit blas daun 23,90-65,42% dan blas malai 58,47-96,46%, serta meningkatkan persentase gabah terisi. Kata kunci: pengendalian hayati, padi, Pyricularia oryzae
Blood disease is one of the important diseases of banana in Indonesia. Endophytic bacteria have potencies as candidates of biocontrol agents to blood disease, because the bacteria colonized the same ecological niche with the plant pathogens. This research was conducted to isolate endophytic bacteria from banana root, and study their disease suppression ability to blood disease on banana. Ninety isolates of endophytic bacteria have been isolated from the root of banana. Average population densities of bacteria varied between 6,0 x 103 and 4,2 x 105 cfu/g fresh weight of root. Twenty seven isolates positively produced inhibition zone toward blood disease bacterium. Based on plant growth and disease suppression test, ten isolates promoted the growth of banana plant and four isolates suppressed the incidence of blood disease with ranged from 66,67 to 83,33%.
Endophytic bacterium EAL15 and EKK22 isolated from banana plants can suppress the development of blood diseases caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotype IV in banana. This study aims to obtain the best liquid media for multiplying endophytic bacterial isolates EAL15 and EKK22, as well as the effect of the application of endophytic bacteria to the development of blood diseases in banana plants in the field. The liquid media tested were: coconut water waste + peptone, coconut water waste, and peptone. The application of endophytic bacterial suspension on Raja Bulu banana seedlings was done one month before planting, during planting, and 3 months after planting. Inoculum of R. solanacearum was inoculated on roots and banana flowers. Observations were made on the number of endophytic bacterial populations in each liquid media, the severity of blood diseases in plants and the incidence of blood diseases in bananas. The results showed that the liquid media of coconut water waste +peptone was the best medium for multiplying endophytic bacterial isolates. The application of endophytic bacteria influences the severity of blood diseases in banana plants and the incidence of diseases in bananas. The frequency of application of endophytic bacteria has no effect on the development of blood diseases in plants and bananas. Keywords: banana; blood disease; endophytic bacteria ABSTRAK Isolat bakteri endofit EAL15 dan EKK22 yang diisolasi dari tanaman pisang mampu menekan perkembangan penyakit darah yang disebabkan oleh Ralstonia solanacearum Phylotipe IV pada bibit pisang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan media cair terbaikuntuk memperbanyak isolat bakteri endofit EAL15 dan EKK22, serta pengaruh aplikasi bakteri endofit terhadap perkembangan penyakit darah pada tanaman pisang di lapangan. Media cair yang diuji yaitu : limbah air kelapa + pepton, limbah air kelapa, dan pepton. Aplikasi suspensi bakteri endofit pada bibit pisang Raja Bulu dilakukan satu bulan sebelum ditanam, saat tanam, dan 3 bulan setelah tanam. Inokulum R. solanacearumdiinokulasikan pada perakaran dan bunga pisang. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap jumlah populasi bakteri endofit dalam masing-masing media cair, keparahan penyakit darah pada tanaman dan kejadian penyakit darah pada buah pisang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media limbah air kelapa + pepton merupakan media terbaik untuk memperbanyak isolat bakteri endofit. Aplikasi bakteri endofit berpengaruh terhadap keparahan penyakit darah pada tanaman pisang dan kejadian penyakit pada buah pisang. Frekuensi aplikasi bakteri endofit tidak berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan penyakit darah pada tanaman dan buah pisang. Kata kunci: Bakteri endofit, penyakit darah, pisang
Downy mildew in soybean plants is caused by the fungus Peronosporamanshurica. This fungus is an obligate parasite and its existence in Indonesia is still limited. This study aims to determine the pathogenicity of the fungus P. manshurica carried on imported seeds of soybeans from Malaysia. The Oospora from imported soybean seeds from the Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center was tested for its pathogenicity on soybean cultivars Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Wilis in the greenhouses of the Jambi Class I Agricultural Quarantine Center. This test used a completely randomized design (CRD), using 4 treatments; 3 superior soybean cultivars (Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Wilis),and 1 imported soybean cultivar. Each treatment was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units and each experimental unit consisted of 5 plants so that the total number was 120 plants. The results showed that the pathogenicity of the Oospore ofP.manshurica from imported soybean seeds still caused downy disease in the three soybean cultivars tested. There was no difference in the incubation period of downy mildew caused by the Oospora ofP.manshurica on Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Wilis cultivars, which were 5.5, 8.0, and 7.0 days after inoculation, respectively. The highest disease severity was found in the Anjasmoro cultivar (8.91%) and the lowest was in the Wilis cultivar (2.66%), but it was not different from the disease severity in the Grobagan cultivar (4.28%).
Endophytic bacteria have potency as candidates of biological control agents to plant disease, because the bacteria as reported to be associated with plant resistance to pathogens. The study aimed to determine the ability of endophytic bacteria to inhibit the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii in vitro, and suppress damping off disease incedence and Sclerotium wilt disease severity on soybean. The ability of endophytic bacteria to inhibit S. rolfsii was carried out on 44 isolates that isolated from soybean, rice and banana. The ability of endophytic bacteria to control damping off disease was carried out on 13 isolates were selected in vitro (BE-CW1, BE-M1, BE-M2, BE-M3, BE-M4, BE-S1, BE-S6, BE-S13, BE-S14, BE -BRRG2, BE-KH1), and also fungicides and two controls (healthy plant and diseased plant). The ability of endophytic bacteria to control Sclerotium wilt was carried out on 6 isolates which showed pressure on damping off disease (BE-M1, BE-M2, BE-M3, BE-M4, BE-CW1, BE-KH2) and 2 controls (healthy plants and diseased plants).The results showed that the thirteen isolates of endophytic bacteria could inhibit mycelial growth and germination S. rolfsii. Soybean seed treatment revealed that dipping the seed in endophytic bacterial isolates suppressed damping off disease incedence with a range of 37.4 to 49.9% and Sclerotium wilt disease severity of 20.1 to 85 % , as well as reduced the mortality of soybean by 26.3 to 84.4 % . BE-KH2 isolate was able to suppress Sclerotium wilt in soybean by 85% and reduce the mortality by 67.5%.
SMK-PP Negeri Jambi merupakan salah satu sekolah kejuruan yang dimiliki oleh pemerintah Provinsi Jambi untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang mempunyai keterampilan dasar dalam bidang ilmu pertanian. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah : (1) Mengenalkan kepada siswa tentang prospek dan potensi usaha jamur tiram; (2) Memberikan keterampilan cara budidaya jamur tiram. Tahapan kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah : (1) Penyuluhan tentang prospek dan potensi budidaya jamur tiram; (2) Pelatihan budidaya jamur tiram : pembuatan media tanam (baglog), penanaman bibit jamur pada baglog, pemeliharaan dan pemaanenan jamur tiram. Hasil evaluasi kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Kegiatan penyuluhan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang potensi usaha budidaya jamur tiram; (2) Pelatihan yang telah dilakukan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa tentang budidaya jamur tiram. SMK-PP Jambi is one of the vocational schools owned by the Jambi government to produce graduates who have basic skills in agricultural science. The purpose of this activity is to : (1) Introduce the prospects and potential of oyster mushroom cultivation business; (2) Providing skills to students on how to grow oyster mushrooms. Stages of activities carried out are: (1) Counseling about the prospects and potential of oyster mushroom cultivation; (2) Training of oyster mushroom cultivation : making of planting media (baglog), planting mushroom seeds on baglog, maintenance and harvesting of oyster mushrooms. The results of the evaluation of the activities showed that: (1) The extension activities were able to increase students' knowledge about the potential for oyster mushroom cultivation; (2) The training that has been done has been able to improve students' knowledge and skills about oyster mushroom cultivation.
Abstract. Marwan H, Mulyati S, Sarman S, Hayati I. 2020. Fluorescent pseudomonads from plant rhizosphere as biological agents to control white root disease and growth-promoting on rubber plants. Biodiversitas 21: 5338-5343. White root disease (Rigidoporus lignosus) is a serious problem of rubber plantation in Indonesia, including in Sumatera. The fungal infection is often difficult to detect, infection develops rapidly and can cause plant death if left untreated since the early stage, and thus using biological agents might be an efficient way to overcome the disease. This research was aimed to explore fluorescent pseudomonads from rubber plant rhizosphere that can inhibit the growth of the fungal pathogen, characterize fluorescent pseudomonads isolated as biological control agent and plant growth promoter, and apply the isolate to rubber plants to control the disease and growth of plants. Twelve out of the 76 fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from several rhizospheres of rubber plants were found to be antagonistic to white root fungi. Fluorescent pseudomonads have various characteristics such as chitinolytic activity, phosphate solvent, and nitrogen fixation. The application of the antagonistic isolates on rubber seedlings was able to increase growth and suppress the colonization of R. lignosus on rubber plant roots.
Bacillus merupakan rizobakteri yang dapat menghambat patogen tanaman dengan mekanisme antagonis berupa antibiosis. Bacillus spp. dapat mengendaliakan penyakit rebah kecambah yang disebabkan oleh Sclerotium rolfsii pada tanaman kedelai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan isolat bakteri Bacillus spp. dari rizosfer tanaman kedelai untuk mengendalikan penyakit rebah kecambah pada tanaman kedelai. Pelaksanaan pengujian bakteri dilakukan secara in vitro dan in planta. Pengujian secara in planta menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 14 perlakuan terdiri atas 2 perlakuan kontrol (sehat dan sakit), 1 perlakuan menggunakan fungisida, dan 11 perakuan menggunakan isolat bakteri Bacillus spp. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa perlakuan bakteri Bacillus spp. berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase rebah kecambah. Terdapat beberapa isolat mampu menekan penyakit rebah kecambah sebelum muncul kepermukaan tanah dan semua bakteri Bacillus spp. mampu menekan penyakit rebah kecambah setelah muncul kepermukaan tanah pada tanaman kedelai. Kata kunci : rizobakteri, Bacillus spp., penyakit rebah kecambah, Sclerotium rolfsii
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