Potensi Bakteri Endofit sebagai Agens Hayati untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Blas pada Tanaman Padi

Abstract

Bakteri endofit merupakan salah satu kelompok mikrob yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agensia pengendalian hayati penyakit pada tanaman padi. Bakteri endofit yang diisolasi dari tanaman padi varietas lokal di Jambi telah diteliti mampu mengendalikan penyakit hawar daun bakteri pada tanaman padi. Selanjutnya diteliti potensi bakteri endofit tersebut dalam mengendalikan penyakit blas yang sebabkan oleh Pyricularia oryzae dan pengaruhnya pada produksi padi. Isolat bakteri endofit diuji daya hambatnya terhadap P. oryzae menggunakan metode biakan ganda. Isolat yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan mikrob tersebut secara in vitro, selanjutnya diujikan pada tanaman padi varietas Cisadane. Akar bibit padi direndam dalam suspensi bakteri endofit selama 6 jam kemudian ditanam pada media tanah dan pupuk kandang steril. Patogen diinokulasikan dengan menyemprotkan suspensi konidia mikrob pada permukaan daun padi pada 14 hari setelah tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 10 isolat bakteri endofit mampu menghambat pertumbuhan P. oryzae sebesar 26,56-79,69%. Perlakuan bakteri endofit pada bibit padi sebelum tanam mampu menghambat keparahan penyakit blas daun 23,90-65,42% dan blas malai 58,47-96,46%, serta meningkatkan persentase gabah terisi.
 
 Kata kunci: pengendalian hayati, padi, Pyricularia oryzae

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