This study aims to determine the role of local Sasi institutions in forest management activities, which can be used in formulating forms of forest management based on regional characteristics in realizing sustainable forest management and improving community welfare. Data collection is done by observing all community activities both in the forest and in residential areas. Interviews are conducted with all stakeholders to obtain systematic and intensive data and information including village government, managers (kewang), youth and student leaders, academics, NGOs and documentation studies in the form of library studies and photographs relating to research. The results of the study show that sasi is a form of temporary prohibition on the community to refrain from exploiting natural resources that are on land that are privately owned (non-communal) or collectively (communal rights) and at sea owned by the management agency (Kewang). Sasi law for teresterial land (forest) has management stages, namely planning, implementation, supervision, yield management, and marketing. Government policies in the forestry sector such as the forestry law number 41 of 1999 year concerning forestry, and the decision of the minister of forestry number 31 of 2001 year concerning social law are seen to be in line with the sasi law. In its development, sasi as a model of local wisdom in Moluccas Province faced obstacles in its implementation, both those who came from outside and inside the community, such as the proportion of forest area with the number of members of the community, conflicts between customary law and national law, and government policies in the form of HPH which is a threat to the territory of the country.
With a relatively limited catchment area, the small island has special hydrological conditions. The hydro-morphometric approach of a watershed is essential for tracking and analyzing seasonal changes in small island watersheds’ hydrological characteristics. It is crucial to incorporate the hydrological elements of small islands, both geographically, ecologically, socio-culturally, and economically. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the morphometric and hydrological characteristics of small island watersheds in the Ambon Region, Maluku province. A geographic information system and the BFI + 3.0 digital recursive filtering method (RDF) are used in the research method. The findings showed that drainage density, bifurcation ratio, and bifurcation ratio significantly impacted water systems for watersheds, flood vulnerability, and river beds storage. Good drainage (Dd greater than 1–5) is included in drainage density. With very high flood levels and short recession periods, a riverbank ratio of less than 1 suggests rare watershed circumstances. This condition appears to have an increased vulnerability to flooding, marked by high runoff but low penetration and permeability. The bifurcation ratio shows that showing high peak discharge (Qp) and increasing times and rapid recession times, the watershed form appears to be rounded.
Hydrological phenomena on the scale of a watershed are complex and may never be understood holistically. One of the innovations in baseflow hydrological modelling is the analysis of the baseflow recession curve, generally expressed as the natural storage of river flows and containing valuable information about the properties and characteristics of natural aquifer storage. This study aims to model land use change and baseflow recession in the Wuryantoro watershed, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. The research method uses an exponential model in which changes in the characteristics of a baseflow recession are a function of land use changes over a certain period. The calibration of the seven graphical models of land use change against the characteristics of the baseflow recession shows that the seven curves of the land use change graphic model have model coefficients and curve slopes that vary from gentle to steep. The slope of the gentle and steep curve describes the bottom flow deposits' condition over time. The state of water storage in the seven better graphical models is that the change of forest remains forest followed by the change of agriculture into the forest, forest into the settlement, change of agricultural land into the settlement, change of forest to agricultural land, settlement remains settlement and change of agricultural land remains agrarian land.
The behaviour of river flows during periods of recession can be better identified than in other periods. The Master Recession Curve (MRC) approach is a technical approach that is quite effective and efficient in modelling baseflow. This study aims to compare the shape of the MRC between linear and exponential reservoir models. The research method uses two linear reservoir models, the Depuit-Boussinesq equation and an exponential model based on exponential hydraulic conductivity. The results showed that the combination of recession parameters (initial recession discharge, constant and coefficients) for MRC manually linear and exponential reservoir models, and hybridization of genetic algorithm processes, showed that MRC visualization for linear reservoir models was more optimal compared to exponential reservoir models. These results are closely related to the slope of the MRC, where the linear reservoir model is gentler, and the exponential reservoir model is relatively steeper. The slope of the MRC for both reservoir models relates to the storage capabilities of the baseflow and the hydraulic conductivity properties of the study area. The gentle slope of the MRC has the properties of relatively slow storage and is relatively long stored. In contrast, the steep slope of the MRC determines the somewhat wasteful nature of storage.
The certainty of tenure rights has been a problem related to the use of forests by indigenous peoples. This study aims to identify indigenous peoples' existence and find out the forms of customary tenure rights in forest land management. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis to provide a true and accurate picture of the tenure rights of indigenous peoples. Research results show that indigenous peoples are still healthy with traditional institutions, and universal values are always maintained. The tenure system in Wakal is controlled by the State, control by the clan, and control by the individual family. There are forms of tenure rights in the three tenure systems that include ownership rights, tenure rights, exclusive voting rights, and proprietary use rights that are still actively applied in forest management.
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