Rayap adalah serangga sosial yang berasal dari ordo Isoptera dapat menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang cukup tinggi, dimana rayap akan menyerang bagian batang hingga akar tanaman akibatnya daun tanaman akan menguning, batang akan membengkak dan akar tanaman terputus. Serangan rayap yang terjadi secara terus - menerus akan semakin sulit dibasmi apabila tidak mendapat perhatian yang serius oleh petani. Petani Desa Liliboi mengalami kesulitan dalam budidaya tanaman pala dan cengkeh karena setiap tahun selalu diserang oleh rayap dengan intensitas kerusakan sedang hingga tinggi dengan luas serangan lebih dari 50 %. Kondisi ini sangat berdampak buruk terhadap kualitas maupun kuantitas tanaman yang dibudidayakan didalam areal hutan kemasyarakatan Desa Liliboi. Warga kehilangan tanaman Pala dan Cengkeh bahkan terjadi penurunan pendapatan masyarakat dari pengelolaan hutan rakyat milik petani hutan. Pengendalian hama rayap umumnya dilakukan oleh petani setempat dengan menggunakan bahan kimia diantaranya Furadan, Sutrin 100 EC dan Bantrek 480 EC yang harganya sangat mahal dan sulit terjangkau oleh kelompok tani, akibatnya mereka selalu merugi tiap tahunnya. Untuk itu perlu dicari solusi yang tepat dalam menangani persoalan yang dihadapi oleh kelompok tani Desa Liliboi. Salah satu solusi yang dapat ditawarkan kepada petani yakni penggunaan biopestisida nabati dari Tanaman Obat keluarga (TOGA) yang mudah dan murah didapat untuk memberantas serangan rayap yakni Sereh, Daun Pepaya dan Daun Sirsak. Biopestisida nabati memiliki keuntungan antara lain mudah terurai di alam sehingga tidak mencemari lingkungan serta relatif aman bagi manusia dan hewan peliharaan karena residunya mudah hilang. Penggunaan biopstisid nabati dalam dalam jumlah (dosis) yang kecil atau rendah, mudah diperoleh di alam, dan cara pembuatannya relatif mudah dan secara sosial ekonomi penggunaannya menguntungkan bagi petani kecil. Pembuatan biopestisida secara sederhana berorientasi kepada penerapan usaha tani berinput rendah, sehingga target yang akan dicapai dari kegiatan PKM yakni meningkatnya pengetahuan dan ketrampilan kelompok tani hutan melalui perbaikan sistem budidaya dan pemeliharaan tanaman pala dan cengkeh hutan, peningkatan kemampuan petani dalam mendiagnosa gejala serangan hama rayap pada pala dan cengkeh serta kemampuan petani meracik obat pembasmi hama rayap secara masal dari bahan TOGA untuk meningkatan produktivitas tanaman sehingga pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan kesejehteraan ekonomi masyarakat petani. Kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan yakni penguatan kapasitas kelompok tani melalui kegiatan penyuluhan tentang budidaya tanaman pala dan cengkeh, pengenalan gejala dan tanda serangan rayap, peracikan bahan obat pembasmi hama rayap dan pembuatan biopestisida nabati dari tanama obat keluarga (TOGA) yakni Daun Sereh, Daun Pepaya dan Daun Sirsak dalam bentuk larutan. Oleh sebab itu dilaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat untuk mencari solusi yang dihadapi masyarakat yang dilakukan dengan 2 cara yaitu: (1) presentasi materi biopestisida, budidaya pala-cengkeh yang diikuti dengan diskusi dan (2) demo pembuatan biopestisida dari bahan tanaman obat keluarga daun pepaya, sereh dan daun sirsak. Hasil diskusi yang berlangsung selama kegiatan presentasi terungkap banyaknya pertanyaan dari peserta yang belum banyak memahami budidaya pala dan cengkeh serta penggunaan biopestisida guna mendukung pertanian organik, juga tentang pemahaman mengenai cara perawatan pala-cengkeh, pembuatan biopestisida nabati dari tanaman obat keluarga yang bahan-bahannya mudah didapat didesanya. Demo pembuatan biopestisida berjalan dengan lancar dimana peserta juga terlibat aktfif dalam demo tersebut sehingga diharapkan nanti mereka bisa membuat sendiri biopestisida untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kelompok tani.
Forest management systems of indigenous people have undergone many changes due to a variety of interests which is a form of adaptation. Various impacts of change can undermine custom values and rules. The purpose of this research is to facilitate the strengthening of custom system in forest resource management. This research used descriptive qualitative method with PAR (Participatory Action Research) approach. PAR is conducted by constructing meaning constructs together between researchers based on the concepts of experts and concepts of indigenous peoples on sustainable forest management and its issues. The results showed changes in the indigenous system implementation techniques, but basic values are preserved. These basic values serve as guidelines for action to achieve sustainable forest management and utilization.
For centuries, many indigenous peoples across the archipelago have adopted customary agroforestry practices that are evidently sustainable. Forest Management Units (FMUs) or KPHs, intended to improve forest management at the ground level therefore, need to adopt policies that can align with, complement and strengthen existing local land-use systems. The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding on how KPH policies, those with direct implications on the ground, can be aligned with indigenous peoples' traditional agroforestry systems of Buru. We used a qualitative descriptive approach based on in-depth interviews with key informants and focus group discussions with indigenous groups of Buru.Results show that the indigenous peoples of Buru have and continue to follow a set of norms and rules in their forest land management practices: lands are utilized to plant various agricultural commodities that are combined with forest species which are left to grow naturally upon clearing land for agriculture or in establishing gardens. There are also norms and rules in establishing fields and gardens, starting from clearing of the land, to maintenance, to harvest. Every family in villages own fields and gardens, making them a vital part of community life. KPH policy of land use at the site level requires an understanding of how rules of resource use can be made compatible with and support community needs. In the operationalization of KPH, indigenous peoples' rights to regulate the use of forest land, access to forest land use, and use of forest products need to be accommodated so that these communities continue to benefit from activities on their land.
Forest land tenure systems for indigenous peoples are always debated by various parties regarding the overlapping interests and rights of forest land. Objective of this study is to analyze the types of indigenous peoples' rights to strengthen forest land tenure systems in Honitetu Village, West Seram Regency. The research approach used is Participatory Action Research by building constructs of meaning between researchers and society repeatedly to obtain an understanding of the information discussed. Data were obtained through key informant interviews and focus group discussions conducted repeatedly. The analysis was carried out at each stage of the interview and discussion by making categorization of data to get an understanding of each data obtained. The results of study show that the system of forest land tenure in indigenous communities in Honite village includes control by the whole community (petuanan), control by clan groups (soa) and control by individuals (families). In these three systems, various types of rights are attached to managing and utilizing forest resources. The set of rights contained in indigenous peoples will be even stronger if it includes the linkage of longtime dimensions, the dimensions of space for the use of vertical or horizontal space, the dimensions of the subject with fixed ownership and the dimensions of the object include the results of forest land that provides full benefits.Key words: forest land tenure rights, indigenous people, forest management
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