No abstract

The effect of raw material freshness on fish oil quality produced in fish meal and oil factories in the Black Sea during the 2007-2008 fishing season was investigated. The fish oil was produced from anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) which were processed on catch day (D0), Day 1(D1), Day 2 (D2), and Day 3 (D3) after catching and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of the fish oils that having different freshness degree of raw material were determined as D0, D1, D2, and D3. Thirty-one fatty acids in total were identified and the total ratio of identified fatty acids ranged between 87.35% and 88.22% among the groups. In the freshest group (D0), the average saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids contents were 34.21%, 21.51%, and 32.04%, respectively. In the 1 day old material (D1), the average SFA, MUFA, and PUFA contents were 34.17%, 21.73%, and 32.32%, respectively. In the 2 days old material (D2), the average SFA, MUFA, and PUFA contents were 34.06%, 21.29%, and 32.18%, respectively. In the 3 days old material (D3), the average SFA, MUFA, and PUFA contents were 34.48%, 21.66%, and 31.21%. In addition, atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity index (TI) , which is an evaluation index for fatty acids, and polyene (PI) index indicating the degradation of PUFA were calculated, and the obtained data were compored with the recommended limit values for human health. Based on the findings, it was determined that if the raw material was processed earlier, the amount of PUFA in fish oil would be higher. In light of these results, it can be recommended that the factories that produce according to the feed law should produce the fish oil that is rich in 3 and 6 according to the food law instead of feed law.

This study was carried out to determine the effects of harvesting method and refrigerated storage on biochemical composition of Atlantic Bonito. Samples were fish caught with a surround trammel net and a drift net in the Middle Black Sea region by fisherman and were brought to the laboratory. Quality control analyses for soluble solid, protein, fat and ashes were performed. On the 10th day after refrigerated storage (4C), pH, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), trimethylamine (TMA‐N) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values were found in the drift net. In the fresh fish samples caught by surround trammel net and drift net, fat, proteins, soluble solids and ash contents were calculated. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The results of the proximate content of Atlantic bonito caught with a trammel net and drift net showed that fat contents were 5.76; protein contents were 20.35; dry matter contents were about 30.5% and ash contents was 1–1.2%. After 10 days of storage at 4C, pH, TVB‐N, TMA‐N and TBA values were 6.17, 34.46 mg/100 g, 7.34 mg/100 g and 7.72 mg malonaldehyde/kg, respectively, in the surround trammel net, and 5.98, 40.60 mg/100 g, 8.02 mg/100 g and 8.03 mg malonaldehyde/kg in the drift net, respectively. Based on these results, there were significant differences between surround trammel net fishing and drift net fishing in terms of meat quality.

The fatty acid profiles of fish oil extracted from by-products of cultured Black Sea salmon, Oncorhynchus mykiss, using conventional (CFO) and dry freezing oil (DFO) techniques were investigated. In the CFO and DFO groups, MUFA+PUFA comprised 74.00% and 72.68% of total fatty acids, respectively. The highest PUFA was linoleic acid (CFO = 14.22%, DFO = 13.15%). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3) was the second most concentrated fatty acid for PUFA in the CFO (8.12%) and DFO (8.02%) groups, followed by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3) (CFO = 4.39%, DFO = 2.87%). Similarly, the difference between groups in omega-3 was statistically significant (p<0.05) and the CFO ratio was higher in the DFO. The PI, AI, TI, h/H, and UI percentages in the CFO group were 0.99, 0.37, 0.26, 2.98, and 1.73, respectively, while in the DFO group they were 0.80, 0.35, 0.31, 2.83, and 1.61, respectively. It was concluded that the oils obtained from Black Sea salmon by-products were rich in omega-3 fatty acids and had good lipid quality indexes.

Distribution of Fish Species in the Van Lake BasinAbstract: This study was carried out to determine the fish species of Van Lake Basin between in 2008-2012. Van Lake Basin is a closed basin that shaped approximately 2.3 % of Turkey. Because of closed basin character, the differences indicated in species diversity. Basin is rich in endemic species diversity with plant and animal species. This richness were reflected to fish species. All of the fish species naturally occurring in the lake basin are consist of endemic species. Alburnus tarichi, Alburnus timarensis, Barbus ercisianus, Capoeta cosswigi and Oxynoemacheilus ercisianus exhibited a natural distribution. Cyprinus carpio, Carassius gibelio, Gambusia holbrooki and Aphanius mento were constituted population from various water sources. In addition, escaped from fish farm sorvaccinated to water resources Oncorhynchus mykiss was unable to create the population. Barbus ercisianus and Capoeta cosswigi shown to create hybrid fish species in Zilan and Deliçay. Cyprinus carpio and Carassius carassius shown to create hybrid fish species in Nazik Lake.