Microplastics in Tissues (Brain, Gill, Muscle and Gastrointestinal) of Mullus barbatus and Alosa immaculata

Atamanalp, Muhammed; Köktürk, Mine; Uçar, Arzu; Duyar, Hünkar Avni; Özdemir, Süleyman; Parlak, Veysel; Esenbuğa, Nurinisa; Alak, Gonca

doi:10.1007/s00244-021-00885-5

Cited by 75 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Hake and mullet were chosen as experimental models for a variety of reasons: on one hand they are among the most targeted demersal fish species by the Mediterranean deep-sea fisheries and the two most fished target species in the shallow area of the coastal sector (Sabatella et al, 2017;Tiralongo et al, 2021); on the other, they are regarded as bioindicators in coastal marine ecosystems and display a benthic feeding behavior in part of (juvenile M. merluccius) or throughout their lifespan (M. barbatus) (Carrozzi et al, 2019;Esposito et al, 2014). Moreover, some authors already described the occurrence of MPs in these two species (Atamanalp et al, 2021;Avio et al, 2015;Bellas et al, 2016;Digka et al, 2018;Giani et al, 2019;Mancuso et al, 2019) and MPs were demonstrated to abound in superficial sediments in the study area (Piazzolla et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of in vitro cytotoxic effects of marine microlitter on Merluccius merluccius and Mullus barbatus, two Mediterranean commercial fish species

Miccoli

Mancini²,

Saraceni

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Marine litter, which is composed mainly of plastics, is recognized as one of the most serious threats to marine ecosystems and a global environmental concern. Microplastics (MPs) densities were estimated in all environmental compartments: marine organisms are highly exposed to and ingest them, resulting in disruption of biological functions. Ecotoxicological approaches have also started elucidating the potential severity of MPs in controlled laboratory studies, but the commercially-available and pristine materials employed hardly reflect the actual composition of the environmental litter, which can be contaminated by chemical pollutants or biological agents. Building on the lack of research employing marine environmental MPs or microlitter as a whole, we characterized the quantity and quality of litter in the coastal epipelagic and in the digestive tract of two commercially-relevant fish species, and exposed primary cell cultures of mucosal and lymphoid organs to marine microlitter. A concentration of 0.30 ± 0.02 microlitter items m-3 was found in the water column of the Northern Tyrrhenian sea. μFT-IR analysis revealed that particles of plastic origin, namely polypropylene, HDPE and polyamide, were present in 100% and 83.3% of M. merluccius and M. barbatus stomachs, respectively, which overall ingested 14.67 ± 4.10 and 5.50 ± 1.97 items. Microlitter was confirmed as a vector of bacteria, fungi and flagellates. Lastly, and for the first time, the apical end-point of viability was significantly reduced in splenic cells exposed in vitro to two microlitter conditions. Considering the role of the spleen in the mounting of adaptive immune responses, our results warrant more in-depth investigations for clarifying the actual susceptibility of the biota to anthropogenic microliter.Highlights0.30 ± 0.02 microlitter items m-3 was found in the coastal epipelagic Northern Tyrrhenian sea14.67 ± 4.10 and 5.50 ± 1.97 items were retrieved from hake and mullet stomach contentsA subsample of the ingested microlitter was of plastic originMicrolitter was validated as a carrier of bacteria, fungi and flagellatesSplenic cells exposed to both microlitter conditions for 72 hours suffered cytotoxicity

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First evidence of in vitro cytotoxic effects of marine microlitter on Merluccius merluccius and Mullus barbatus, two Mediterranean commercial fish species

Miccoli

Mancini²,

Saraceni

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…(2022) and Atamanalp, Köktürk, Uçar, et al. (2021b). The tissue samples were prepared in a contamination‐sensitive laboratory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal processing implications on microplastics in rainbow trout fillet

Alak

Köktürk

Uçar

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Science

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Heat treatment is an inevitable step in making meat and meat products ready for human consumption. Researches on ready‐to‐eat foods had shown that foods can also contain microplastics (MPs). The source of the presence of MPs in foods is: air, raw materials, food production stages, or plastics used in packaging. This study was carried out to evaluate the possible effects of the sous‐vide (So‐Vc) technique applied in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets at different temperatures and time intervals on MPs degradation or migration mechanisms and the level of uptake by humans. For this purpose, 7 treatment temperature × 3 various cooking times and So‐Vc technique were applied on rainbow trout fillets. Then, in these fillets, MP presence, size, and shape were researched, as well as polymer types and possible levels of MP uptake by humans were determined. In the analyses, 1.27 ± 0.54 MP/g was found in 1 g of fish tissue. Dimensionally, 67% of MPs was detected as <50 µm and 8% of 500–1000 µm. The dominant shape was determined as a fragment, and the color was black. Six polymer types were determined. The results showed that high temperature (> 65°C) applications promoted polymer degradation. MP migration from packaging material to fillets was not detected. By calculations made on these findings, the lowest intake level by a human was estimated as 6140 MPs units/year. The obtained data provided the initial data to explore and optimize the current understanding of thermally processed products in terms of MPs. This study proved that the sous vide method causes polymer degradation at high temperatures and longer time periods.

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“…The ability to accurately identify microplastics is impeded by a combination of their dimensions, structural diversity, tendency to adsorb contaminants, and presence in natural environments in concentration ranges that span multiple orders of magnitude. − Global interest in this class of environmental contaminant has rapidly increased in recent years, spurred by reports of microplastics identified in ecosystems around the planet, − within living tissue, − and in the human body. , This has led to significant research and development in environmental processing techniques, − analytical techniques to detect and quantify particles, ,− and discussions regarding research data management and accessibility. Many instrumental techniques have found use in the identification of microplastics, most notably including infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Customizable Machine-Learning Models for Rapid Microplastic Identification Using Raman Microscopy

et al. 2022

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Raman spectroscopy is commonly used in microplastics identification, but equipment variations yield inconsistent data structures that disrupt the development of communal analytical tools. We report a strategy to overcome the issue using a database of high-resolution, full-window Raman spectra. This approach enables customizable analytical tools to be easily createda feature we demonstrate by creating machine-learning classification models using open-source random-forest, K-nearest neighbors, and multi-layer perceptron algorithms. These models yield >95% classification accuracy when trained on spectroscopic data with spectroscopic data downgraded to 1, 2, 4, or 8 cm–1 spacings in Raman shift. The accuracy can be maintained even in non-ideal conditions, such as with spectroscopic sampling rates of 1 kHz and when microplastic particles are outside the focal plane of the laser. This approach enables the creation of classification models that are robust and adaptable to varied spectrometer setups and experimental needs.

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Microplastics in Tissues (Brain, Gill, Muscle and Gastrointestinal) of Mullus barbatus and Alosa immaculata

Cited by 75 publications

References 34 publications

First evidence of in vitro cytotoxic effects of marine microlitter on Merluccius merluccius and Mullus barbatus, two Mediterranean commercial fish species

First evidence of in vitro cytotoxic effects of marine microlitter on Merluccius merluccius and Mullus barbatus, two Mediterranean commercial fish species

Thermal processing implications on microplastics in rainbow trout fillet

Customizable Machine-Learning Models for Rapid Microplastic Identification Using Raman Microscopy

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