Field-effect mobility (μ) of pentacene-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is studied as a function of the number of molecular monolayer (ML) by in situ electrical characterization, which greatly improves the accuracy and reproducibility of electrical characteristics of OFETs. The hole μ of pentacene OFET with an average 1 ML (∼1.57 nm) thickness has been observed under a vacuum. The μ of pentacene OFET rapidly increases with increasing surface coverage in the region of film thickness less than saturation thickness (d
0), which is about 3.2 ML for pentacene OFETs studied herein. We have observed that pentacene molecular layers beyond d
0 have little contribution to the carrier transport in the semiconducting channel. The threshold voltage (V
T) of pentacene OFETs has a variable thickness dependence having minimum ∼17 V at pentacene thickness around 3.2 ML. Similar d
0 was verified for both drain current and on/off current ratio of pentacene FETs. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the pentacene layer confirm the layer-plus-island (Stranski-Krastanov mode) pentacene growth mechanism on SiO2 substrate. Terrace-like stacking structure begins to be disernable around 3.2 ML of pentacene thin film. From AFM images, top few layers of pentacene terrace stacking become smaller in size after reaching the largest domain size around 10 ML. Our experimental results have demonstrated that the growth quality of the first few pentacene MLs on substrate strongly influences the morphology of the thicker film, packing structure, and electrical characteristics of OFET, including change-carrier mobility.
Background: Idiopathic congenital chylothorax is a rare but serious disease. Advancement in perinatal care and the renovated treatment modalities have brought about significant improvement in patient outcome.Objective: To describe the clinical course of severe forms of idiopathic congenital chylothorax, focusing on the development of recent treatment modalities and their impacts.Design: A retrospective cohort by review of medical records in the NICU of a perinatal referral center in Taiwan. Study period was from January 2006 to June 2017. Neonates with the diagnosis of idiopathic congenital chylothorax with non-immune hydrops fetalis were enrolled. Clinical relevant including demographic data, perinatal interventions, post-natal course, and treatment outcome were described and analyzed.Results: Twenty-eight neonatal patients were included. The median gestational age at birth was 34 (range 27–36) weeks and median birth weight was 2,369 (range 1,430–3,608) g. Prenatal intervention was performed in 39.3% of the patients. Besides, 11 out of the 28 neonates developed tension pneumothorax in the first 24 h and 4 (36.4%) of them died. Sepsis was documented in two patients (7.1%). Overall survival rate was 71.4%. There were five patients enrolled during the last 2 years of the study period. EXIT with intubation was performed in two and octreotide was given to four of these most recent neonates, and all of them survived.Conclusion: Recent advances in the management of these neonates, specifically EXIT with intubation and use of octreotide. Both of them improved patient survival in our cohort, but the evidence of impact has yet to be validated.
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