Thyroid hormones play an important role in many physiological events such as development, growth, differentiation, and even apoptosis of the cell (neurons, muscle cells, nephrons, etc.) in the organism (Cano-Europa et al., 2010). In addition, thyroid hormones control basal metabolism by regulating oxidative metabolism. Changes in these hormones affect the modulation of mitochondrial respiration (Klein & Danzi, 2007; Venditti et al., 2008). Therefore, abnormal conditions affecting metabolism such as hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism as a result of disorders in thyroid hormones may have an impact on the oxidative system (Hulbert, 2000). Hypothyroidism (HT) is characterized by the elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and a decline in thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) hormone levels in the serum. HT is an endocrinological disease with a prevalence of 2%-15% worldwide (up to 20% in older women), causing a general metabolic slowdown in the body (Jublanc & Bruckert, 2004;
This study was carried out to determine the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) exogenous donor, and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NO inhibitor, on the development of chicken embryos by injected into the egg. A total of 210 hatching fertilized chicken eggs used into control, Sham control (SC), serum physiological (SP) and treatment groups containing 30 eggs. The air space of the remaining eggs was pierced at the beginning of the incubation, whereas the eggs in the control group were not subjected to any application (negative control). The SC group of the drilled eggs was immediately closed with paraffin. After the SP group was called a positive control, 50 and 200 mg/kg SNP respectively and L-NAME solutions at the same levels were injected into the hole opened to the air space into the experimental groups consisting of the remaining eggs. The eggs were opened on some days 7th and 14th of the embryonic period and the following parameters of each group were determined: Relative embryo weights, weights and lengths of the embryos (on days 7th and 14th), hatching weight, hatching length, hatching rate and embryonal deaths (on day 21st). The results showed that the relative embryo weight and embryo length on the days 7th and 14th of the hatching and the hatching weight on the day 21st of the hatching were not affected by injection of SNP and L-NAME (P>0.05). Hatching rate on the day 21 st was highest in the L-NAME50 group, whereas this rate was lowest in the SNP200 group (P<0.05). Hatching length increased in the L-NAME200 group (P<0.05). It was observed that NO was functional in embryonic development of poultry, and the increase in its metabolism decreased in the hatching rate increasing embryonal death.
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