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In this study, participants recorded their waking events (Personal significant events, PSEs/Major concerns, MCs) and dream reports for 7 days. These events and dreams were paired by the same day (216 PSEs-dreams pairs and 215 MCs-dreams pairs). Then participants were instructed to both find similar features (characters, objects, locations, actions, emotions, and themes) of their events-dreams pairs and give a match score of their events-dreams pairs. Besides, we proposed a method for independent judges to match waking events into dreams (the external ratings). The rating standard of the external-ratings was to look for similar behaviors between events and dreams. Based on this rating standard, three independent judges were instructed to rate participants' events-dreams pairs. Firstly, we compared the two kinds of methods of self-ratings. Spearman correlations showed that the two methods were significantly correlated with each other. These results suggested that the sum of different kinds of similar features could be used to represent self-ratings reported of the degree of the correlation between a waking event and a dream. Regression correlations showed that for PSEs-dreams pairs, characters, actions, emotions, and themes were similar features that affected the degree of the correlation between an event and a dream of the same day, and for MCs-dreams pairs, characters, locations, emotions, and themes were similar features that affected the degree of the correlation between an event and a dream of the same day. These results suggested that different kinds of similar features had different influence on the self-ratings' evaluation for the degree of matching between waking event and dream. Secondly, we compared the rating results of the self-ratings and the rating results of the external-ratings. Spearman correlations showed that the results of the self-ratings were significantly correlated with the results of the externalratings. So this study's method for the external ratings may be suitable for future studies. Besides, as the external ratings of this study can rate dream metaphors, we also made a short discussion on dream metaphors. Future studies can use the method to explore dream metaphors.

The present study explored whether individual differences in implicit learning were related to the incorporation of waking events into dreams. Participants (N = 60) took part in a sequence learning task, a measure of implicit learning ability. They were then How to cite this article: Wang J, Li X, He J, et al. Integration of waking experience through dreams considered in light of individual differences in implicit learning ability.

The dream-lag effect refers to there being, after the incorporation of memory elements from the previous 1 or 2 days into dreams, a lower incorporation of memory elements from 3 to 4 days before the dream, but then an increased incorporation of memory elements from 5 to 7 days before the dream. This study investigates whether intuition measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator can influence participants' ratings for the dream-lag effect. In total, 56 participants kept a diary for 7 days, reporting personally significant events and major concerns, and recorded their dreams in the 7th day night. Then they rated the level of matching between dreams and daily diary items. The dream-lag effect was found among the intuitive types, but not the sensing types. Furthermore, this effect was found only for the incorporation of personally significant events and not for major concerns. This suggested that the intuitive thinking may modulate the finding of dream-lag effect.

We proposed a coding and decoding method of suspension array (SA) based on micro-quartz pieces (MQPs) with different optical thicknesses. The capture probes (cDNA) were grafted onto the surfaces of MQPs and specifically recognized and combined with the partial sequence of the target DNA (tDNA) to form a MQP-cDNA-tDNA complex. Quantum dot-labeled signal probes were then used to specifically recognize and bind another portion of the tDNA in the complex to form a double-probe sandwich structure. This optical thickness-encoded SA can be decoded and detected by a dual-wavelength digital holographic phase fluorescence microscope system. We conducted a series of DNA molecule detection experiments by using this encoding method. Control experiments confirmed the specificity of optical thickness-encoded SA in DNA detection. The concentration gradient experiments then demonstrated the response of the MQPs based SA to analyte concentration. Finally, we used the encoding method to detect three types of DNA in a single sample and confirmed the feasibility of the proposed optical thickness-encoded SA in multiplexed DNA detection. The detection results are stable, and the detection exhibits high specificity and good repeatability.

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