This study was specifically designed to identify anticancer constituents in methanol-water extract of Polygonum bistorta L. and evaluate its cytotoxicity. For this purpose methanol-water (40:60 v/v) extract was subjected to conventional preparative high pressure liquid chromatography and 13 fractions were obtained. Constituents of obtained fractions were separated and identified with the help of GC-MS and LC-DAD-ESI-MS. Anticancer phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, catechol, 4-methyl catechol, syringol and pyrogallol and fatty acids such as linoleic acid, myristic acid and palmitic acid were separated from different fractions. Fractions were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on a rarely studied human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HCCLM3). 11 fractions showed good to strong cytotoxicity in a range of 200 µg/mL-800 µg/mL, whereas 2 fractions did not show any activity even at 800 µg/mL and no anticancer constituent was detected from them. 50 percent growth inhibition (GI 50 ) values for five most active fractions were calculated and results were in a range of 86.5 (±3) µg/mL-126.8 (±3) µg/mL. 3 out of these 5 most active fractions were found to contain phenolic content in them whereas all other fractions containing phenolic content did possess cytotoxic activity that may suggest the importance of phenolic constituents in anticancer activity. Moreover, the results also showed a definite dose dependent relationship between amount of fractions and cytotoxic activity.
Essential oils of rhizome of Polygonum bistorta L. collected from three different Asian regions (Shanghai, China; Guizhou, China, and Lahore, Pakistan) were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. 81 compounds were obtained and 77 were successfully identified. The percentage yield ranged between 0.11 % -0.29 %. A significant difference in their chemical composition was also found. Major constituents and their percentage ranges were determined as: furfural (0.4 -16.4 %), oleic acid (4.3 -8.9 %), oleic acid methyl ester (0.3 -8.6 %), palmitic acid (4.8 -6.6 %), 5-methyl furfural (0.5 -6.5 %), linoleic acid (0.6 -4.2 %), linoleic acid methyl ester (0.2 -4.0 %) and cosanes (tetracosane to nonacosane). Similarity tests based on chemometric analysis were performed and results clearly showed the difference in composition among samples. The sample of Pakistani origin and one sample of Chinese origin were separately tested against 2 different bacterial strains and a difference was observed in their antibacterial activities as well.Jeobp 15 (6) 2012 pp 964 -971 964
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