Complete surgical excisions with appropriate approaches have proven to be efficient and successful in the treatment of head and neck schwannomas.

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer, is a notorious pest on vegetables, which often aggregates in high densities on crop leaves. In this study, we investigated whether M. persicae could suppress the resistance level of Chinese cabbage Brassica pekinensis. M. persicae performed better in terms of weight gain (~33% increase) and population growth (~110% increase) when feeding on previously infested (pre-infested) Chinese cabbage compared with those on non-infested plants. However, when given a choice, 64% of the aphids preferred to settle on non-infested leaves, while 29% of aphids chose pre-infested leaves that had a 2.9 times higher concentration of glucosinolates. Aphid feeding significantly enhanced the amino acid:sugar ratio of phloem sap and the absolute amino acid concentration in plant leaves. Aphid infestation significantly increased the expression levels of salicylic acid (SA) marker genes, while it had marginal effects on the expression of jasmonate marker genes. Exogenously applied SA or methyl jasmonate had no significant effects on M. persicae performance, although these chemicals increased glucosinolates concentration in plant leaves. M. persicae infestation increase amino acid:sugar ratio and activate plant defenses, but aphid performed better on pre-infested plants, suggesting that both nutrition and toxics should be considered in insect-plant interaction.

We report on the shape-controlled synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of Cu 3 V 2 O 7 (OH) 2 • 2H 2 O nanomaterials that were synthesized through a simple and facile solution route without any surfactants or template. It was found that by simply controlling the reaction conditions, Cu 3 V 2 O 7 (OH) 2 • 2H 2 O nanowires, nanoflakes, and nanoparticles can be selectively prepared. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the as-prepared Cu 3 V 2 O 7 (OH) 2 • 2H 2 O nanowires, nanoflakes, and nanoparticles exhibited high discharge capacities and ideal shaped discharge curves. In particular, the Cu 3 V 2 O 7 (OH) 2 • 2H 2 O nanowires showed capacities much higher than those of Cu 3 V 2 O 7 (OH) 2 • 2H 2 O nanoflakes, nanoparticles, and commercial Ag 2 V 4 O 11 bulk. The correlation between the specific structural features of the nanowires and their superior electrode performance were also discussed. It is anticipated that the novel Cu 3 V 2 O 7 (OH) 2 • 2H 2 O nanowires are promising cathode candidates in the application of primary lithium ion batteries for implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder that has been linked to the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regulation of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) on functional brain activity during the resting state in ADHD children using the methods of regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC). Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed in 49 children with ADHD. All participants were classified as either carriers of the DRD4 4-repeat/4-repeat (4R/4R) allele (n = 30) or the DRD4 2-repeat (2R) allele (n = 19). The results showed that participants with the DRD4 2R allele had decreased ReHo bilaterally in the posterior lobes of the cerebellum, while ReHo was increased in the left angular gyrus. Compared with participants carrying the DRD4 4R/4R allele, those with the DRD4 2R allele showed decreased FC to the left angular gyrus in the left striatum, right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral lobes of the cerebellum. The increased FC regions included the left superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and rectus gyrus. These data suggest that the DRD4 polymorphisms are associated with localized brain activity and specific functional connections, including abnormality in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar loop. Our study not only enhances the understanding of the correlation between the cerebellar lobes and ADHD, but also provides an imaging basis for explaining the neural mechanisms underlying ADHD in children.

Wooden shipwrecks are a significant part of the underwater cultural heritage. In 2007, the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck was salvaged from the seabed and moved into the Marine Silk Road Museum, where it is still stored in a water tank. We analysed the microbial communities colonizing the hull surface of the Nanhai No. 1 shipwreck during storage. Six samples exposed to air were collected from different spots of the ship that exhibited obvious microbial plaques. High-throughput sequencing revealed the bacterial community includes both aquatic and terrestrial species, while in the fungal community, Fusarium was the most abundant genus across all samples and accounted for 84.91% to 98.40% of the total community composition. Two Fusarium species were isolated from the samples and were identified as F. solani and F. oxysporum. Both of the isolates were able to degrade cellulose, but only F. solani had the ability to degrade lignin. Antimicrobial efficacy in inhibiting the growth of Fusarium was assessed with five kinds of biocides, and isothiazolinones exhibited specific inhibition of Fusarium growth. These results provide critical background information to protect and reduce the biodegradation and destruction of this important historical shipwreck, and inform efforts to protect other similar artifacts.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disease featuring executive control deficits as a prominent neuropsychological trait. Executive functions are implicated in multiple sub-networks of the brain; however, few studies examine these sub-networks as a whole in ADHD. By combining resting-state functional MRI and graph-based approaches, we systematically investigated functional connectivity patterns among four control-related networks, including the frontoparietal network (FPN), cingulo-opercular network, cerebellar network, and default mode network (DMN), in 46 drug-naive children with ADHD and 31 age-, gender-, and intelligence quotient-matched healthy controls (HCs). Compared to the HCs, the ADHD children showed significantly decreased functional connectivity that primarily involved the DMN and FPN regions and cross-network long-range connections. Further graph-based network analysis revealed that the ADHD children had fewer connections, lower network efficiency, and more functional modules compared with the HCs. The ADHD-related alterations in functional connectivity but not topological organization were correlated with clinical symptoms of the ADHD children and differentiated the patients from the HCs with a good performance. Taken together, our findings suggest a less-integrated functional brain network in children with ADHD due to selective disruption of key long-range connections, with important implications for understanding the neural substrates of ADHD, particularly executive dysfunction.

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