The essential oil of the aerial parts of Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb was obtained by hydrodistillation and its components were analyzed by using GC and GC-MS. Forty-six compounds representing 97.2% of the total oil were identified. The main constituents in the oil were identified as β-Bisabolene (28.4%), Germacrene D (18.9%), (Z, E)-α-Farnesene (16.8%) and γ-Muurolene (7.3%). In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation against two cell lines of HepG2 (liver hepatocellular cells) and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cells showed a potent cytotoxic activity with the IC 50 values of 67.50 μg/mL and 55.83 μg/mL according to the MTT assay. Furthermore, the essential oil exhibited a considerable activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with the MIC values of 0.095 mg/mL and 0.105 mg/mL tested by micro-dilution method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH and FRAP methods, and the essential oil gave an IC 50 value of 0.451 mg/mL and a Trolox equivalent antioxidant concentration of 191.7 ± 11.3 μmol Trolox × g -1 in DPPH and FRAP, respectively. The results indicated that the essential oil was relatively active and may be useful in food and pharmaceuticals after more detailed study.
Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst, a perennial herb, belongs to the Rubiaceae family. In this study, we identified the chemical composition of the Geophila repens essential oil (GR-EO) for the first time. Totally, seventy-seven compounds were identified according to GC and GC-MS, which represent 98.0% of the oil. And the major components of GR-EO were β-caryophyllene (23.3%), β-elemene (8.0%), farnesyl butanoate (7.4%), myrcene (3.5%), and trans-nerolidol (3.3%). Then we evaluated the antibacterial activities of GR-EO and the synergistic effects of GR-EO in combination with commercial antibiotics using the microdilution and Checkerboard method. The results demonstrated that GR-EO possessed an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. It also showed that the combined application of GR-EO with antibiotics led to synergistic effects in most cases. And the most prominent synergistic effect was noticed when GR-EO was in combination with Streptomycin and tested against Escherichia coli (fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) of 0.13). Additionally, the results of a Griess assay revealed that GR-EO exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage) cells. In conclusion, the combination of GR-EO and the commercial antibiotics has significant potential for the development of new antimicrobial treatment and reduction of drug resistance.
The essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauverd was obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Sixty-five compounds were identified which represent 96.2% of the total composition of the EO. The major components of the EO were palmitic acid (11.6%), n-pentadecanal (5.7%), linalool (3.8%), β-ionone (3.3%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (3.2%), bisabolone (3.2%) and β-caryophyllene (3.2%). The EO exhibited an excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis according to the MIC values tested by micro-dilution method. It also exhibited a significant cytotoxicity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines with the IC values of 67.44 and 70.49 μg/mL according to the MTT assay. However, the antioxidant activity test revealed that the EO exhibited a weak DPPH radical-scavenging activity. In conclusion, the EO of L. leontopodioides could be regarded as a bioactive natural product and deserves further study for its potential therapeutic effects.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.