Silicon is considered as one of the most favorable anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Nanoporous silicon is synthesized via a green, facile, and controllable vacuum distillation method from the commercial MgSi alloy. Nanoporous silicon is formed by the evaporation of low boiling point Mg. In this method, the magnesium metal from the MgSi alloy can be recycled. The pore sizes of nanoporous silicon can be secured by adjusting the distillated temperature and time. The optimized nanoporous silicon (800 °C, 0.5 h) delivers a discharge capacity of 2034 mA h g at 200 mA g for 100 cycles, a cycling stability with more than 1180 mA h g even after 400 cycles at 1000 mA g, and a rate capability of 855 mA h g at 5000 mA g. The electrochemical properties might be ascribed to its porous structure, which may accommodate large volume change during the cycling process. These results suggest that the green, scalable, and controllable approach may offer a pathway for the commercialization of high-performance Si anodes. This method may also be extended to construct other nanoporous materials.

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Dendrite-free Li deposition is achieved by coating a thin liquid-metal layer on the surface of lithiophobic current collectors.

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We achieved excellent anode performance for PIBs based on a metal-organic framework MIL-125(Ti) for the first time. It can deliver a capacity of 208 mA h g at a rate of 10 mA g and a high capacity retention of 90.2% after 2000 cycles at a high rate of 200 mA g with a high coulombic efficiency. The K storage mechanism is investigated by the ex situ XRD and IR techniques and confirms that potassium ions are reversibly inserted into the organic moiety without direct engagement of Ti ions.