Commercial expanded graphite as a low–cost, long-cycling life anode for potassium–ion batteries with conventional carbonate electrolyte

An, Yongling; Fei, Huifang; Zeng, Guifang; Ci, Lijie; Xi, Baojuan; Xiong, Shenglin; Feng, Jinkui

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.12.033

Cited by 308 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…[ 13 ] However, the insertion of K + easily arouses a volumetric expansion as high as 60% (only around 10% for Li + intercalation in graphite), [ 14 ] which seriously endangers the cycling stability of graphite and its rate capability. Special controls on either the graphite structures, for example lattice spacing expansion, [ 15,16 ] or other operation parameters, typically electrolyte compositions in order to strengthen the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), become necessary to mitigate the structural failure. [ 17 ] Apart from graphite, another type of carbonaceous species termed as hard carbon, usually resin‐derived ones which featured a highly disordered and less‐crystalline structure, could stably accommodate K + when hollow architectures were built to buffer its structure change.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Pitch‐Derived Soft Carbon as Stable Anode Material for Potassium Ion Batteries

et al. 2020

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Potassium ion batteries (KIBs) have emerged as a promising energy storage system, but the stability and high rate capability of their electrode materials, particularly carbon as the most investigated anode ones, become a primary challenge. Here, it is identified that pitch‐derived soft carbon, a nongraphitic carbonaceous species which is paid less attention in the battery field, holds special advantage in KIB anodes. The structural flexibility of soft carbon makes it convenient to tune its crystallization degree, thereby modulating the storage behavior of large‐sized K+ in the turbostratic carbon lattices to satisfy the need in structural resilience, low‐voltage feature, and high transportation kinetics. It is confirmed that a simple thermal control can produce structurally optimized soft carbon that has much better battery performance than its widely reported carbon counterparts such as graphite and hard carbon. The findings highlight the potential of soft carbon as an interesting category suitable for high‐performance KIB electrode and provide insights for understanding the complicated K+ storage mechanisms in KIBs.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Pitch‐Derived Soft Carbon as Stable Anode Material for Potassium Ion Batteries

et al. 2020

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“…[ 23 ] Since K + has a large ionic radius and graphite has the narrow interlayer, researchers inserted K + ions into expanded graphite. [ 24 ] The expanded graphite with 0.39 nm interlayer spacing showed enhanced cycling stability and a high capacity of 263 mAh g −1 at 0.01 A g −1 . However, the capacity was limited to 175 mAh g −1 at a higher rate of 0.2 A g −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Capacity Adsorption—Dominated Potassium and Sodium Ion Storage in Activated Crumpled Graphene

Lee

Kim

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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Structurally and chemically defective activated‐crumbled graphene (A‐CG) is employed to achieve unique synergy of large reversible potassium (K) and sodium (Na) ion storage capacity with fast charging and extended cyclability. A‐CG synthesis consists of low temperature spraying of graphene oxide slurry, followed by partial reduction annealing and air activation. For K storage, the reversible capacities are 340 mAh g−1 at 0.04 A g−1, 261 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, and 210 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1. For Na storage, the reversible capacities are 280 mAh g−1 at 0.04 A g−1, 191 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, and 151 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1. A‐CG shows a stable intermediate rate (0.5 Ag−1) cycling with both K and Na, with minimal fade after 2800 and 8000 cycles. These are among the most favorable capacity—rate capability—cyclability combinations recorded for potassium‐ion battery and sodium‐ion battery carbons. Electroanalytical studies (cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, b‐value) and density functional theory (DFT) reveal that enhanced electrochemical performance originates from ion adsorption at various defects, such as Stone–Wales defects. Moreover, DFT highlights enhanced thermodynamic stability of A‐CG with adsorbed K versus with adsorbed Na, explaining the unexpected higher reversible capacity with the former.

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“…So far, a lot of remarkable works about anode materials of PIBs have been reported, such as Sn 4 P 3 , Sn 4 P 3 /C, GeP 5 , nanoporous Sb, and EG . Although they all manifest satisfactory electrochemical performances, there is still much work to be explored in practical application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Dispersed ZnSe Nanoparticles Embedded in N‐Doped Porous Carbon Matrix as an Anode for Potassium Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

Part & Part Syst Charact

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Advanced nanostructured functional materials obtained from the precursors of metal–organic frameworks show several unique advantages, including plentiful porous structures and large specific surface areas. Based on this, designed and constructed are highly dispersed ZnSe nanoparticles anchored in a N‐doped porous carbon rhombic dodecahedron (ZnSe@NDPC) by a sequential high‐temperature pyrolysis and selenization method. The specific synthesis process involves a two‐step heat treatment of the template‐engaged reaction between zinc‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐8) and selenium power. By optimizing the calcination temperature, the as‐synthesized ZnSe@NDPC‐700 as an advanced anode of potassium ion batteries demonstrates the best electrochemical performance, including a high capacity (262.8 mA h g−1 over 200 cycles at 100 mA g−1) and a good rate capability (109.4 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1 and 52.8 mA h g−1 at 5000 mA g−1). Moreover, the capacitance and diffusion mechanisms are also investigated by the qualitative and quantitate analysis, finally accounting for the superior K storage.

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Commercial expanded graphite as a low–cost, long-cycling life anode for potassium–ion batteries with conventional carbonate electrolyte

Cited by 308 publications

References 40 publications

Pitch‐Derived Soft Carbon as Stable Anode Material for Potassium Ion Batteries

Pitch‐Derived Soft Carbon as Stable Anode Material for Potassium Ion Batteries

High Capacity Adsorption—Dominated Potassium and Sodium Ion Storage in Activated Crumpled Graphene

Highly Dispersed ZnSe Nanoparticles Embedded in N‐Doped Porous Carbon Matrix as an Anode for Potassium Ion Batteries

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