Biofertilizer plays a significant role in crop cultivation that had reduced its inorganic fertilizer use. The effects of inorganic fertilizer reduction combined with Pennisetum giganteum z.x. lin mixed nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer on the growth, quality, soil nutrients and diversity of the soil bacterial community in the rhizosphere soil of pakchoi were studied. The experiment composed of 6 treatments, including CK (no fertilization), DL (10% inorganic fertilizer reduction combined with Pennisetum giganteum z.x.lin mixed nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer), ZL (25% inorganic fertilizer reduction combined with Pennisetum giganteum z.x.lin mixed nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer), SL (50% inorganic fertilizer reduction combined with Pennisetum giganteum z.x.lin mixed nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer), FHF (100% inorganic fertilizer) and JZ (100% inorganic fertilizer combined with sterilized Pennisetum giganteum z.x.lin mixed nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer). Compared with conventional fertilization, the 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer applied with the Pennisetum giganteum mixed nitrogen-fixing biofertilizer
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Biological rhythm is inextricably linked to the physiological mechanisms of allergic diseases, but the exact mechanisms are still poorly understood. Clinical studies have reported rhythmic fluctuations in allergic diseases. The search for natural and harmless active ingredients based on biological rhythm with which to regulate allergic diseases is essential for the control of food allergy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, mice were treated at different time points to determine the link between the severity of allergic reactions and the circadian clock genes. The mice were treated with lentinan, either continuously or discontinuously, to assess their clinical symptoms, vascular permeability, immune cells, cytokines, and clock genes. Specifically, rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells were treated with lentinan and the rhythmic changes of cell degranulation were measured. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results in different models showed that the allergic reactions in mice treated at different time points were significantly different and thus related to fluctuations in biological rhythm. Treatment with lentinan was found to reduce the amplitude of changes in the clock genes, such as the activation of Per and Cry proteins in allergic mice, as well as to regulate biological rhythm in cells, inhibit the activation of Th2 cells, and alleviate allergic reactions. Furthermore, lentinan changed the rhythm of degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Lentinan was, therefore, determined to successfully alleviate allergic reactions by reducing the amplitude of changes in the body’s biological rhythm, inhibiting the activation of Th2 cells, and affecting the immune microenvironment.
SUMMARYFive field experiments studied the effects of high planting densities, ranging from 83,000 to 667,000 seeds/ha, on eleven soyabean cultivars. Germination rates ranging from 32 to 100% and averaging 76%, resulted in actual plant densities of 45,000 to 296,000 plants/ha. Bean yields of the four shortest and earliest-maturing (64–67 days) cvs (Wakashima, Shi-shi, Palmetto and Tai Tah Kaoh Siang 58) increased with increasing density, producing highest yields at the highest plant densities investigated (222,000–286,000/ha) but 7 taller cvs, maturing in 80–126 days (P2, C13, C21, P4, D5, T10 and C28), produced reduced yields with increasing density, the lowest densities investigated (45,000–83,000 plants/ha) giving the highest bean yields.
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