Lentinan Inhibited the Activation of Th2 Cells in Allergic Mice by Reducing the Amplitude of Changes in Biological Rhythm

Abstract

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Biological rhythm is inextricably linked to the physiological mechanisms of allergic diseases, but the exact mechanisms are still poorly understood. Clinical studies have reported rhythmic fluctuations in allergic diseases. The search for natural and harmless active ingredients based on biological rhythm with which to regulate allergic diseases is essential for the control of food allergy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, mice were treated at different time points to determine the link between the severity of allergic reactions and the circadian clock genes. The mice were treated with lentinan, either continuously or discontinuously, to assess their clinical symptoms, vascular permeability, immune cells, cytokines, and clock genes. Specifically, rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells were treated with lentinan and the rhythmic changes of cell degranulation were measured. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The results in different models showed that the allergic reactions in mice treated at different time points were significantly different and thus related to fluctuations in biological rhythm. Treatment with lentinan was found to reduce the amplitude of changes in the clock genes, such as the activation of Per and Cry proteins in allergic mice, as well as to regulate biological rhythm in cells, inhibit the activation of Th2 cells, and alleviate allergic reactions. Furthermore, lentinan changed the rhythm of degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Lentinan was, therefore, determined to successfully alleviate allergic reactions by reducing the amplitude of changes in the body’s biological rhythm, inhibiting the activation of Th2 cells, and affecting the immune microenvironment.

Temporal Modulation of Drug Desensitization Procedures

“…Whenever possible, drug administration at optimal time-of-day of the offending drug might ensure a more uniform response to desensitization procedures [79]. The amplitude of changes in the clock genes was shown to depend on the allergen administration times in allergic rodents, resulting in modulation of the immune responses, such as the inhibition of TH2 cell activity and alleviation of allergic reactions [80]. high [72] geometric progression, last dose much higher (accelerated regimen) high [73] Furthermore, it is conceivable that, when subsequent DS cycles are performed on patients who have completed the full course, maintaining the same administration times, whenever possible, may also be a means to alleviate some of the HSR observed.…”

Lentinan alleviates arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity in mice via downregulation of OX40/IL-17A and activation of Nrf2 signaling

“…Interestingly, the polysaccharides in Lentinus edodes possess the immunomodulatory activity of activating different immune responses in the host [ 14 ]. LNT cancels Th2-dominant condition and decreases significantly the percentages of CD4 + IL-4 + T-cell and CD4 + IL-6 + T-cell in patients with digestive cancers [ 15 ], and LNT inhibits the activation of Th2 cells and affects the immune microenvironment, leading to the alleviated allergic reactions in allergic mice [ 16 ]. These studies indicate LNT’ bioactivity is cross-linked to arsenic toxicity under the pathological status of poisoning and injury, so the present study investigated the pharmacological effects of LNT by a mice model of sodium arsenite (SA) oral administration.…”