The
Haber–Bosch (HB) process has provided most of commercial
ammonia at the expense of high energy consumption and high CO2 emission. Nitrate electroreduction is showing great potential
as an alternative route for the green and scale-up synthesis of ammonia
at ambient conditions. However, the performance has lagged due to
lack of efficient electrocatalysts. In this work, we present the facile
synthesis of uniform Cu nanodisks with exposed (111) facets as highly
active electrocatalyst for electrochemical ammonia synthesis, delivering
a high ammonia yield of 2.16 mg mg–1
cat h–1 and a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 81.1%
at −0.5 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The
remarkable activity is originated from the surface reconstructed triatomic
Cu clusters due to the cathodic deoxygenation process. As a result,
the reconstructed surface shows enhanced affinity to the adsorption
of nitrate ions which undergo successive break of three N–O
bonds, followed by subsequent formation of three N–H bonds
to finally form NH3. The present study provides the feasible
preparation of Cu based advanced catalysts and a unique insight into
the mechanism of nitrate electroreduction.
The
electrocatalytic nitrate conversion of ammonia at ambient conditions
provides not only a solution for restoring the imbalance in the global
nitrogen cycle but also a sustainable alternative for the Haber–Bosch
process. However, large-scale and efficient application of electrocatalytic
denitrification has been limited by the lack of active catalysts with
a high selectivity of nitrate reduction to N2. In this
work, we present a one-step solution processed synthetic strategy
at low temperature to prepare carbon-nanobelts-supported uniform Cu
and Pd nanoclusters. It is found that Cu catalyzed the formation of
carbon nanobelts. The prepared samples were used for the green synthesis
of ammonia from nitrate by electrocatalysis. For the nitrate reduction
reaction (NO3RR), Cu–Pd/C nanobelts show higher
activity than Cu/C nanobelts, achieving a high yield of ammonia of
220.8 μg mgcat
–1 h–1 with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 62.3% at −0.4 V vs RHE
(reversible hydrogen electrode), while for the nitrite reduction reaction
(NO2RR), a high FE of 95% at −0.2 V vs RHE can be
obtained for Cu/C nanobelts with the yield of ammonia increased with
the negative shift of the applied potentials. Theoretical calculations
demonstrated that Pd and Cu are responsible for hydrogen evolution
reaction (HER) and NO3RR, respectively.
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