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Multifarious sugar lactols were efficiently transformed into the corresponding phenolic glycosides by treating with aryl bromides in acetonitrile with Ir­[dF­(CF3)­ppy]2(dtbbpy)­(PF6) as a photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Both pyranoses and furanoses or even disaccharide could all suffer this glycosylation protocol under mild reaction conditions. A variety of phenyl glycosides can be produced in moderate to good yields (up to 93% yield), and a gram scale process of this protocol was also well-established.

The electron tunneling of the protein-polypeptide interactions was observed in the study of direct electron transfer of the myoglobin (Mb) on the electrode surface. The Mb was selected as a redox active protein and gelatine was selected to couple with Mb to form an electron tunneling. The electrochemical results indicated the presence of the electron tunneling and the direct electron transfer. The circular dichroism spectra suggested that the beta-sheet chain of gelatine could interact with alpha-helical chain to form an electron tunneling to promote the protein direct electrochemistry. The SDS-PAGE results proved that the electron tunneling between Mb and gelatine was noncovalent hydrogen bonds. The immobilized Mb showed a couple of quasi-reversible redox peaks with a formal potential of -0.37V (vs SCE) in 0.1 M pH 7.0 PBS. The modified electrodes displayed a rapid amperometric response to the reduction of oxygen, H2O2, and nitrite.

Viscum coloratum (KOMAR) NAKAI (Loranthaceae) is a semi-parasitic plant distributed in southwest provinces of China. The branches and leaves of this plant are traditional Chinese medicines practiced mainly for the treatment of hypertension, atherosclerosis, rheumatism, and neuralgia.1) Previous phytochemical investigations revealed that flavonoids are the major secondary metabolites of this species.2-6) In our general screening for antioxidative natural substances from traditional Chinese medicine, the ethanol extract of V. coloratum was found to possess potent antioxidative activities. This finding prompted interest of a phytochemistry study aimed at identifying compounds responsible for the observed antioxidative activities. This paper reports the isolation and structural elucidation of two new flavanone glucosides, (2S)-homoeriodictyol 7,4Ј-di-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (4) and (2R)-eriodictyol 7,4Ј-di-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (5), along with three known compounds obtained from this plant. The antioxidative activities of these 5 compounds were evaluated based on their scavenging effects on hydroxyl radicals produced by H 2 O 2 /Fe 2ϩ , and superoxide anion radicals produced by xathine/xanthine oxidase systems. An attempt to illustrate the structure-activity relationship was made based on these findings. Results and DiscussionThe ethanol extract of the branches and leaves was re-suspended in water and partitioned with petroleum (60-90°C). The water phase was filtered and the filtrate was loaded onto a D-101 resin column and then eluted sequentially with H 2 O followed by 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 95% aqueous EtOH. The fraction eluted from 40% EtOH was chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column which was eluted with aqueous MeOH (50-80%, gradient) to give four fractions. Fraction 2a was further separated on an ODS column eluted with 40% MeOH to yield compounds 4 and 5. Fractions 2b, 2c, and 2d were each purified by Sephadex LH-20 to afford compounds 1-3, respectively. Of the 5 compounds elucidated, the three known compounds were subsequently identified as8) by comparisons of their spectral data (UV, IR, NMR, MS, and CD) with those reported in the literature. The purity of these compounds was confirmed by TLC and HPLC (purity Ͼ95% for all compounds).Compound 4 D-glucopyranoside (3). The structures of these compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant activities of these isolated compounds were evaluated by colorimetric methods based on their scavenging effects on hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals, respectively. All the compounds showed potent albeit varied degrees of antioxidative activities and the structure-activity relationship is discussed.

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Tedizolid phosphate is approved for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (ABSSSI) caused by Gram-positive bacteria in the United States, Europe, and other countries. In this multicenter, double-blind, phase 3 study, 598 adult ABSSSI patients in China, Taiwan, the Philippines, and the United States were randomized to receive 200 mg of tedizolid, intravenously (i.v.)/orally (p.o.), once daily for 6 days or 600 mg of linezolid, i.v./p.o. twice daily for 10 days. The primary endpoint was early clinical response rate at 48 to 72 h. Secondary endpoints included programmatic and investigator-assessed outcomes at end-of-therapy (EOT) and posttherapy evaluation (PTE) visits. Safety was also evaluated. In the intent-to-treat (ITT) population, 75.3% of tedizolid-treated patients and 79.9% of linezolid-treated patients were early responders (treatment difference, –4.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –11.2, 2.2). After exclusion of patients who never received the study drug (tedizolid, n = 8; linezolid, n = 1; modified ITT), comparable early response rates were observed (tedizolid, 77.4%; linezolid, 80.1%; treatment difference, –2.7%; 95% CI, –9.4, 3.9). Secondary endpoints showed high and similar clinical success rates in the ITT and clinically evaluable (CE) populations at EOT and PTE visits (e.g., CE-PTE for tedizolid, 90.4%; for linezolid, 93.5%). Both drugs were well tolerated, and no death occurred. Eight patients experienced phlebitis with tedizolid while none did with linezolid; hence, drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in a slightly higher proportion in the tedizolid (20.9%) arm than in the linezolid arm (15.8%). The study demonstrated that tedizolid in a primarily Asian population was an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment option for ABSSSI patients. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02066402.)

Background The exact role of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and underlying liver cirrhosis (LC) is not well defined. In this meta-analysis, both long- and short-term outcomes following LLR versus open liver resection (OLR) were analysed. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched systematically for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity-score matched (PSM) studies reporting outcomes of LLR versus OLR of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS). This was analysed using one-stage (individual participant data meta-analysis) and two-stage (aggregate data meta-analysis) approaches. Secondary outcomes were operation duration, blood loss, blood transfusion, Pringle manoeuvre utilization, overall and major complications, length of hospital stay (LOHS), 90-day mortality and R0 resection rates. Results Eleven studies comprising 1618 patients (690 LLR versus 928 OLR) were included for analysis. In the one-stage meta-analysis, an approximately 18.7 per cent lower hazard rate (HR) of death in the LLR group (random effects: HR 0.81, 95 per cent confidence interval [C.I.] 0.68 to 0.96; P = 0.018) was observed. Two-stage meta-analysis resulted in a pooled HR of 0.84 (95 per cent C.I. 0.74 to 0.96; P = 0.01) in the overall LLR cohort. This indicated a 16–26 per cent reduction in the HR of death for patients with HCC and cirrhosis who underwent LLR. For secondary outcomes, LLR was associated with less blood loss (mean difference [MD] −99 ml, 95 per cent C.I. −182 to −16 ml), reduced overall complications (odds ratio 0.49, 95 per cent C.I. 0.37 to 0.66) and major complications (odds ratio 0.45, 95 per cent C.I. 0.26 to 0.79), and shorter LOHS (MD −3.22 days, 95 per cent C.I. −4.38 to −2.06 days). Conclusion Laparoscopic resection of HCC in patients with cirrhosis is associated with improved survival and perioperative outcomes.

Two five-coordinate mononuclear copper complexes, [Cu(mpydien)](ClO4)2 (1, mpydien = 5-methyl-1,9-bis (2-pyridyl)-2,5,8-triazanonane) and [Cu(pydien)](ClO4)2 (2, pydien = 1,9-bis (2-pyridyl)-2,5,8-triazanonane), are synthesized and found to be molecular electrochemical water oxidation catalyst (WOCs)...