Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) is an important infectious disease of ruminants worldwide that is caused by ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2). OvHV-2 is transmitted predominantly by contact between infected and susceptible hosts, while the documentation of vertical transmission is rare. This report presents the pathological and molecular findings associated with transplacental transmission of OvHV-2 in cattle. Two Girolanda cows with corneal oedema, lethargy, mucopurulent nasal discharge and ulcerative stomatitis died spontaneously; one of these was pregnant with a 4-month-old fetus. Significant pathological findings included widespread lymphoplasmacytic necrotizing vasculitis and lymphoplasmacytic accumulations in several organs of both cows and the fetus. A polymerase chain reaction that targeted the tegument protein gene of OvHV-2 amplified viral DNA from the brain of the pregnant cow and her fetus, as well as from the kidney of the pregnant cow. The pathological findings observed in the cow and her fetus, together with the presence of OvHV-2 DNA in tissues of these animals, are suggestive of transplacental transmission of OvHV-2 in SA-MCF in cattle.

Brief Communication Cryptococcosis is a mycosis of humans and other animals that is caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii species complex of organisms. To date, this complex is divided into C. neoformans and C. gattii; C. neoformans has 5 known molecular types (VNI-IV, VNB), and 4 distinct lineages (VGI-IV) are identified in C. gattii. 3,12 However, 2 major reorganizations of the Cryptococcus complex of organisms have been proposed. In the first proposal, C. neoformans var. grubii and C. neoformans var. neoformans are to be considered as separate species, with the inclusion of 5 species within C. gattii. 8 The second proposal suggested a simpler reorganization containing only groups of organisms: the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex (var. grubii and neoformans) and the C. gattii species complex. 12 Cryptococcosis is not often reported in goats, although cryptococcosis has been described in goats with meningitis, 1 pneumonia, 1 and mastitis. 20 In most of these cases, the species definition of Cryptococcus was not confirmed. 7,21 C. neoformans var. gattii (C. gattii species complex) was identified in 5 goats with pulmonary, hepatic, and encephalitic disease in Spain. 1 Cryptococcomas (cryptococcal granulomas) are spaceoccupying granulomatous reactions within parenchymatous organs. 18 Cryptococcomas have been described in the cow, 15,16 dog, 9 cat, 2 horse, 17 and sheep, 19 with a few descriptions in goats. 14,21 We describe herein the pathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings associated with pulmonary and encephalitic cryptococcosis in a goat, and add to the documentation of encephalitic cryptococcomas in goats. A 3-y-old, mixed-breed, nanny goat from the rural region of the city of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, central-west Brazil, was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidade de Cuiabá (VTH-UC). The owner reported that the goat demonstrated progressively abnormal behavioral changes during the 30 d prior to clinical evaluation. The animal was reared semi-extensively in a herd of 15 goats without a previous history of disease. No other goats 816358V DIXXX10.1177/1040638718816358Pulmonary and encephalitic cryptococcosis in a goatHeadley et al.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of prepubertal ewe lambs to exogenous administration of either medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) or long-acting progesterone (LAP) together with biostimulation. Two Pool Dorset adult males and 75 mixed-breed prepubertal ewe lambs (average of 179 days-old and 30.0kg) were used. The females were randomly assigned to three different groups. In the first group the females were submitted to the insertion of intravaginal sponges containing MAP (60 mg) for 12 days and were then biostimulated for eight weeks. In the second group the females were submitted to a single injection of LAP (225 mg) and then to biostimulation for eight weeks. In the last group, the females were only submitted to biostimulation for eight weeks. Animals were considered cyclic when plasma progesterone (P4) concentration exceeded 1.0 ng/mL in at least one of two consecutive blood samples taken within a 7-day interval in three distinct experimental moments. After treatments 93.3% of the females disregarding their group started their cyclicity and most of them (92.0%), continued to be cyclic after 63 days of either MAP or LAP together with biostimulation under both male and female effect. We conclude that prepubertal ewe lambs when submitted to protocols of either MAP or LAP followed by biostimulation result in puberty at the 7 month of age. It can be deducted that some ewe lambs submitted to the administration of either MAP or LAP together with biostimulation promoted a multiplier effect upon the other young females that were then stimulated to start cyclicity

Descreve-se um surto de abscesso mandibular em ovelhas da raça Bergamácia no município de Botucatu, estado de São Paulo. Do rebanho de 120 animais, 35 apresentaram aumento de volume mandibular com a presença de nódulos únicos, de consistência pétrea, de diferentes tamanhos, fistulados ou não e sem indicativos de inflamação dos tecidos moles adjacentes. Os animais eram criados em pasto de Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia com água e sal mineral ad libitum e everminados, via oral, com pistolas dosificadoras. O material para diagnóstico microbiológico e antibiograma foi coletado de cinco animais acometidos, por punção e aspiração dos nódulos. Dos 35 animais acometidos, 19 foram submetidos ao exame radiográfico, um ao exame tomográfico e outro à biópsia óssea da região submandibular. O único ovino que morreu, encontrava-se em estado de caquexia provavelmente devido à localização do aumento de volume que afetou a implantação dos dentes molares daquela região impedindo a apreensão e mastigação adequadas levando a perda da condição corporal e morte. Ao exame necroscópico, observaram-se áreas de necrose caseosa na mandíbula direita de onde isolou-se Pseudomonas aeruginosa. O tratamento utilizado foi baseado na aplicação de iodeto de sódio a 10% por via intramuscular e antibioticoterapia segundo antibiograma com enrofloxacina por via intramuscular, porém com pouca eficácia. Diante do quadro clínico, dos dados de anamnese, da localização das lesões no tecido ósseo mandibular, do resultado do cultivo microbiológico, das alterações radiográficas e tomográficas foi feito o diagnóstico de abscesso mandibular causado por Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

RESUMO:Objetivou-se a descrição do diagnóstico e tratamento cirúrgico de quatro casos de fimose e um caso de parafimose em cavalos, todos com histórico de laceração e formação de fibrose na região prepucial e pênis com pelo menos três meses de evolução. O diagnóstico preciso de fimose e parafimose devido à formação de tecido de granulação exuberante foi possível somente após a inspeção física local seguida de biópsia e análise histopatológica do tecido. O tratamento empregado de circuncisão e da ressecção cirúrgica do tecido de granulação exuberante da glande do pênis foram eficazes para resolução dos quadros clínicos. O pronto atendimento clínico adequado após a ocorrência da laceração do prepúcio e do pênis poderia ter evitado o desenvolvimento dos quadros clínicos de fimose e parafimose.Palavras-chave: cavalo, laceração, cicatriz, prepúcio, pênis.ABSTRACT: It aims to describe the diagnosis and surgical treatment of four cases of phimosis and one case of paraphimosis in horses. All animals presented history of laceration and fibrosis formation in the penis and preputial region with at least three months. Precise diagnosis of phimosis and paraphimosis due to formation of exuberant granulation tissue was possible only after local physical inspection followed by tissue biopsy and histopathological analysis. The circumcision and exuberant granulation tissue resection of the glans penis were effective in the treatment. Prompt clinical care after the laceration of the prepuce and penis could have prevented phimosis and paraphimosis development.

ResumoPitiose cutânea equina (PCE) é uma enfermidade descrita em todo território brasileiro, no entanto, são escassas as informações quanto ao tratamento e procedimento cirúrgico em éguas gestantes. Descreve-se um caso de PCE em uma égua com nove meses de gestação com histórico de trauma no membro pélvico esquerdo que evoluiu para lesão ulcerativa granulomatosa com presença de "kunkers". Foi realizada excisão cirúrgica, seguida da cauterização e perfusão regional intravenosa (PRI) com 50 mg de anfotericina B (10 ml) diluído em solução dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) 10% (6 ml DMSO em 44 ml de Ringer com Lactato). Após 14 dias da intervenção cirúrgica, nova PRI foi realizada. O diagnóstico de PCE foi confirmado através da avaliação histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica. A égua pariu um potro saudável após dois meses da intervenção cirúrgica e recebeu alta após a completa epitelização da ferida.Palavras-chave: Pythium insidiosum, equino, gestação, perfusão regional intravenosa. AbstractEquine cutaneous pythiosis (ECP) is a disease described throughout the Brazilian territory, however there is little information regarding the medical treatment and surgery in pregnant mares. We describe a case of ECP in a mare with nine months of gestation with a history of trauma to the left pelvic limb that evolved into ulcerative granulomatous lesion with presence of "kunkers". Surgical excision was performed, followed by cauterization and intravenous regional perfusion (IRP) with 50 mg amphotericin B (10 mL) solution diluted in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (6 mL DMSO in 44 ml of Ringer's lactate). 14 days after the surgery, a new IRP was performed. The diagnosis of ECP was confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. The mare gave birth to a healthy foal two months after the surgery and was discharged after complete epithelization of the wound.Keywords: Pythium insidiosum, equine, pregnancy, intravenous regional perfusion. IntroduçãoPitiose cutânea equina é uma doença infecciosa piogranulomatosa causada pelo oomiceto aquático Pythium insidiosum. Para a contaminação é necessário o acúmulo de água em banhados e lagoas, presença de vegetação aquática além de temperaturas entre 30 e 40ºC, onde o agente realiza seu ciclo reprodutivo formando zoósporos infectantes, que sofrem quimiotaxia para tecidos danificados (Mendoza et al., 1996). O pantanal brasileiro é a área com maior incidência de pitiose equina por causa da combinação de três fatores: clima quente, áreas alagadas e concentração de animais (Dos Santos et al., 2014).Os sinais clínicos da pitiose cutânea são caracterizados por lesões ulcerativas piogranulomatosas, formando grandes massas teciduais ulceradas com bordos irregulares que drenam secreção serossanguinolenta, associadas a tratos fistulosos preenchidos por material branco-amarelado irregular e firme denominado "kunkers". O diagnóstico pode ser baseado na caracterização clínica das lesões cutâneas associado ao resultado histopatológico; entretanto, é necessária a sua confirmação através de exames complemen...

O prolapso vaginal é definido como a projeção da parede da vagina para o exterior pela rima vulvar. As causas relacionadas à ocorrência são diversas, entretanto alguns fatores predisponentes se destacam como o relaxamento do sistema de fixação da vagina, aumento da pressão intra-abdominal, defeitos anatômicos, distúrbios hormonais (alto de teor de estrógeno), obesidade, inflamação na região vulvar, fêmeas idosas e predisposição hereditária. Pode ser classificado em parcial ou total, ou por estágios dependendo da evolução do prolapso. O objetivo deste relato foi descrever um caso de prolapso de estágio 3, como também, medidas terapêuticas distintas. A sutura de Buhner vem sendo a mais recomendada terapia cirúrgica, porém, são necessárias medidas profiláticas para diminuir a incidência no rebanho.

Microbial resistance to antimicrobial therapies has been a historic and permanent challenge to the global health. Several researches seek to identify the causes, as well ways to minimize the occurrence of this resistance. In this study, a review of scientific articles related to the theme had carried out, covering human and veterinary health, as well as discussing the difficulties about solving the problematics, pointing out the causes of resistance and some strategies to reduce these occurrences. In this context, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in humans and animals is seen as the main cause of the emergence of these resistances and the formation of superbugs. The gene transference, the occurrence of mutations and the formation of biofilms are the ways that interfere the most with the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy. Public awareness regarding the use of antimicrobials; Intensify research and investment in the area, in order to produce more appropriate and specific antimicrobials for a particular use; Resistance monitoring aiming to measure its worsen or control; Determination of epidemiological points, aiming at their resolution; Adoption of hygienic sanitary measures to reduce cases of infection; Decreasing the use of empirical therapy, thus reducing the use of antimicrobials inappropriately, or sometimes, unnecessary are suggestions and strategies to reduce the occurrence of these resistances. Since 2015, these strategies have been addressed in the Global Action Plan On Antimicrobial Resistance.