Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training promote attenuation of cardiac morphometric dysfunction associated with a reduction in oxidative stress in an experimental model of diabetes and menopause. However, only dynamic aerobic exercise training is able to attenuate systolic and diastolic dysfunction under this condition.
Objetivo: Investigar na literatura as alterações cardiovasculares agudas, subagudas e crônicas diante do exercício resistido (ER). Método: Realizou-se uma pesquisa nos indexadores SciELO, Medline e PubMed, com os termos: hipertensão arterial sistêmica, pressão arterial, hipotensão pós-exercício, exercício resistido, exercício de força e treinamento resistido, em artigos publicados nos últimos 25 anos. Foram incluídos nesta revisão 27 artigos. Resultados: O ER pode gerar alterações agudas, subagudas e crônicas na pressão arterial (PA) e essas são influenciadas principalmente pela intensidade do exercício, número de exercícios e massa muscular envolvida. Além disso, o papel do ER na redução da PA ainda não está totalmente esclarecido, principalmente em hipertensos. Conclusão: O ER, quando realizado em intensidade adequada e com a devida supervisão profissional, proporciona melhoras osteomusculares além de reduzir ou manter os níveis de PA e, dessa forma, não deve ser negligenciado em programas de treinamento físico voltado para a saúde.
The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiovascular autonomic effects between dynamic aerobic, resistance and combined exercise training in ovariectomized diabetic female rats. Female Wistar rats (200-220g) were divided into 4 ovariectomized (bilateral ovaries removal) diabetic (streptozotocin, 50mg/kg, iv) groups: sedentary (DOS) and trained by an aerobic protocol on a treadmill (DOTA), by a resistance protocol in ladder (DOTR), or by a combined protocol in ladder+treadmill on alternate days (DOTC). After 8 weeks of training, the animals were cannulated to arterial pressure (AP) recording and baroreflex sensitivity (BS) evaluation. Heart rate (HR) and systolic AP variabilities were analyzed in the time and frequency domains. Exercise training induced an increase of 77% in the run capacity in the DOTA group (DOS: 8.6±0.6; DOTA: 15.3±0.4; DOTR: 11.5±1.6; DOTC: 15.0±0.2 min), 60% in the maximum load in DOTR group (DOS: 179.7±11.0; DOTA: 167.3±1.5; DOTR: 288.4±7.5; DOTC: 284.6±10.2 % of body weight), and increases in both exercise tests in DOTC (75% and 58%, respectively). All trained animals showed normalization of diabetic induced-resting hypotension and bradycardia, associated with increased HR variance (DOS: 39.6±2.6; DOTA: 71.2±7.2; DOTR: 70.9±12.1; DOTC: 65.7±6.1 ms2) and normalization of the LF band of pulse interval (DOS: 2.7±0.3; DOTA: 5.3±0.4; DOTR: 7.2±1.5; DOTC: 6.8±0.8 ms2) (vs. DOS). The DOTA and DOTC groups (but not DOTR) had higher BS (tachycardic and bradycardic responses), and attenuation in SAP variability (DOS: 7.4±0.8; DOTA: 12.7±1.1; DOTR: 8.9±1.0; DOTC: 13.3±1.0 mmHg2) in relation to DOS. Mortality was higher in DOS group when compared to trained group. In conclusion, the results showed that dynamic aerobic, resistance or combined exercise training induced benefits in physical capacity, hemodynamic and autonomic parameters after ovarian hormone deprivation in diabetic rats. However, the combined exercise training promoted additional effects than aerobic or resistance training in this condition.
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