Aims Hypertension (HTN) is a chronic long-term, slowly progressing disease. For HTN control, management, and prevention of associated complications, adequate adherence to treatment is required. It has been proposed that tailored interventions to individual needs are required to address the phenomenon of adherence to treatment. However, studies evaluating the effects of tailored interventions to improve adherence are still scarce. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a tailored intervention using a salutogenic approach, to improve adherence in patients with HTN. Methods and results A non-randomized trial design was used in this study. Adult patients with HTN were allocated in two groups: tailored intervention (n = 75) and standard care (n = 78). The content of the tailored intervention was based on personal resources and elaboration of an action plan with objectives in agreement with the patients. Patient outcomes (treatment adherence, blood pressure) were assessed both at the beginning of the study and at the 4-week follow-up for the intervention group and the standard care group. The Treatment Adherence Questionnaire for Patients with Hypertension was used to measure adherence. The results of this study showed that the total score and each dimension of the adherence questionnaire (medications, diet, physical activity, weight control, stimulation, and stress relief) increased significantly in the experimental group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). For the group assigned to tailored intervention, the delta score of the total adherence score increased in the final evaluation to 9.4 (95% CI = 8.60–10.28). Conclusion A tailored intervention with a salutogenic approach appears to be effective for improving adherence in patients with HTN. Randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the effect of tailored interventions in this type of population.
AntecedentesLa situación de salud de los jóvenes es un aspecto a tener en cuenta en las estrategias sanitarias. Los cambios en las condiciones socioeconómicas y culturales exigen mayor atención a este grupo.ObjetivoEstimar la mortalidad juvenil en la ciudad de Bogotá entre 1989 y 1999 y la contribución de las causas de muerte al cambio en la esperanza de vida.MétodosLa información fue proporcionada por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (Dane). Se analizó mediante los programas Excel y SPSS v. 11.0. Las causas de mortalidad se agruparon según la lista 6/67 de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS). Para la construcción de tablas de vida se estimaron tasas de mortalidad por edad, sexo y causa. Mediante la aplicación del Método de Pollard se establecieron las causas de muerte que generaron pérdida o ganancia en la esperanza de vida juvenil.ResultadosHubo predominio de causas externas, tumores y enfermedades transmisibles, en la mortalidad juvenil. Se observó una ganancia total en la esperanza de vida de 4, 6 años. Se presentó una pérdida en la esperanza de vida juvenil debida al grupo de enfermedades del sistema circulatorio y al grupo de enfermedades transmisibles, 0,07 y 0,001 años respectivamente. Los grupos de causas externas y tumores se asociaron a una ganancia en la esperanza de vida juvenil de 0,46 y 0,02 años, respectivamente.ConclusiónSe sugiere implementar políticas de prevención de la violencia, promoción de estilos de vida sanos y estímulos que mejoren las condiciones de vida de la población joven.
Objective. To describe the contribution of preventable death causes to life expectancy in the Valle de Aburra municipalities without Medellin between 1979 and 2004. Methodology. Death causes were classified according to the inventory of Avoidable mortality Causes. For life expectancy calculations and its decomposition, rates were standardized according to DANE’s 2005 Colombian population. Arriaga’s method was followed in life expectancy decomposition. Results. In the Valle de Aburra not including Medellin, life expectancy at birth for the years 1979-2004 was of 73.23 years. 15.30 years of life expectancy were lost for the period between 1979 and 1995, loss being of 12.58 years for the period between 1996 and 2004. It was stressed that preventable death causes related with vaccination in women (0.0105 years) were important for their negative contribution to the gained life expectancy years. Conclusion. Avoidable mortality structure from the Valle de Aburra without Medellin was mainly affected by the vaccination group constituent diseases or preventive treatment. It is necessary to prioritize public health interventions in the diseases with a greater contribution to the to the vaccination groups or preventive treatment to avoid a significantly negative change in the mortality profiles in the municipalities and know how they affect mortality structure by causes and how they define specific mortality profiles.
La resiliencia, como estrategia de promoción de la salud mental, desarrolla la capacidad humana ante la adversidad. El objetivo del este trabajo es determinar el efecto de la participación en talleres psicosociales para la promoción de la resiliencia en escolares de 10 a 17 años de un municipio colombiano. Se trata de un estudio cuasi experimental, con una muestra por conveniencia de 54 estudiantes, a los cuales se aplicó el cuestionario JJ46; se utilizaron las pruebas de Wilcoxon y McNemar para valorar el efecto la intervención, que tuvo efectos positivos en la adquisición de habilidades resilientes en las dimensiones de asertividad, afectividad y el pensamiento crítico, en todos los grados de estudio. Se observó un cambio positivo y significativo de moderado o leve a alto en la resiliencia general, antes y después de los 33 talleres psicosociales. Pensamos que esta intervención debe promoverse e implementarse en los escolarizados por sus efectos positivos.
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