The infrequency of purchase (IP) model was used to explore the impact of financial factors, limiting factors, social status and household life cycle on family travel intention and travel expenditure in Taiwan. The empirical results indicate that family travel intention and level of expenditure vary at different stages of the household life cycle. Additionally, family incomes, the education level of the head of the household, women's employment and home ownership have significantly positive impacts on travel intention and level of expenditure. The findings also suggest that the presence of a family member's health problems or the number of seniors over 65 years of age in a household will reduce travel intention and thus the level of travel expenditure.
can indeed increase customer trust in e-commerce. It also finds that different types of avatar elicit different types of customer trust. Customers have higher cognitive trust in the expert avatar than in the attractive one, and customers have higher emotional trust in the attractive avatar than in the expert avatar. It was also found that an avatar is effective for customers with either knowledge or low product knowledge, while the effect of the type of avatar on trust is stronger for customers with high product knowledge. The effect of emotional trust on purchase intention is stronger than that of cognitive trust. For cosmetic skin care products, attractiveness may be more important than expertise factors when designing the avatar for an online retailer, and an attractive avatar may be the reference point of consumer's ideal vision of herself.
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