Solar energy is a natural resource and can be harnessed to provide clean electricity to hydrogen production system. However, control problems still remain due to the large variety of PV output power with different solar radiation levels. To better investigate about this problem, a model that the PV power plants are integrated with production and storage system such as hydrogen generator, electrolyzer, PV system and hydrogen tank is needed. The focus of the present paper is to develop an integrated simulation model that can be effective and user friendly to predict the dynamic behaviors of a solar powered hydrogen system. The solar irradiance and temperature are the independent variables that act as the input variables to the model. The analyzed results could be used for analyzing the system performance, and also for sizing and designing the system. The integrated model is created by using Matlab Simulink simulation platform which allows the users to define the system specification. The particular information of the system such as power generated by the solar system, volumetric production & etc. can be clearly shown and determined in the simulation platform.
Solar energy is a natural resource which can be harnessed to provide clean electricity for hydrogen production systems. However, this technology is not widely used because of control issues, particularly for hydrogen refuelling stations. At present, direct or DC-DC converter couplings are the most common system configurations for hydrogen refuelling stations. However, these system configurations are costly and suffer from gas shortage at hydrogen refuelling stations. Furthermore, the hydrogen produced by such system configurations varies considerably depending on the levels of solar radiation. In order to address these issues, a new system configuration is proposed, incorporating the feedback signal of the storage level in the control system. The photovoltaic (PV) system, electrolyzer, and storage tank are integrated with a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) to determine the backup current compensation for electrolyzer operation in order to obtain the minimum power required for hydrogen production. The proposed FLC is constructed with three input variables which are the PV current, hydrogen storage level, and the battery state of charge. The rules-based fuzzy inference process is based on the proposed configuration which combines the advantages of direct and DC-DC converter coupling configurations. The simulation results show that the proposed configuration offers better adaptability to variable radiation conditions compared to other methods. This gives a more promising option for ensuring the adequacy of hydrogen supply at hydrogen refuelling stations.
Abstract:Hydrogen is starting to be mentioned as an alternative fuel to replace the fossil fuel in future transportation applications due to its characteristics of zero greenhouse gas emission and high energy efficiency. Before hydrogen fuel and its facilities can be introduced to the public, relevant safety issues and its hazards must be assessed in order to avoid any chance of injury or loss. While a traditional risk assessment has difficulty in prioritizing the risk of failure modes, this paper proposes a new fuzzy-based risk evaluation technique which uses fuzzy value to prioritize the risk of various scenarios. In this study, the final risk of each failure modes was prioritized by using the MATLAB fuzzy logic tool box with a combination of two assessments. The first assessment was concerned with the criteria which affected the actual probability of occurrence. This assessment considered the availability of the standard that was applied to prevent the likelihood of the scenario occurring. On the other hand, the second assessment was focused on evaluating the consequence of the failure by taking into account the availability of detection and the complexity of the failure rather than only the severity of the scenarios. A total of 87 failure scenarios were identified using failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) procedures on hydrogen refueling station models. Fuzzy-based assessments were performed through risk prioritizing various failure scenarios with a fuzzy value (0 to 1) and risk level (low, medium, and high) while a traditional risk assessment approach presented the risks only in forms of level (low, medium, and/or high). Availability of the fuzzy value enabled further prioritizing on the risk results that fell in the same level of risk. This study concluded that fuzzy-based risk evaluation is able to further prioritize the decisions when compared with a traditional risk assessment method.
Hydrogen plays an important role recently and recognized by various organizations (public and private) to replace fossil fuel in future transportation applications. Recently, research institutes in Malaysia are the focus of the studies on hydrogen technology in order to drive this energy in transportation applications. Since Hydrogen and fuel cells are viewed as one of the most important energy conversion devices in the future, thus the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) had identified this energy as priority research after solar. Just like normal refueling stations, hydrogen stations and its infrastructure must be planned, designed, and operated in accordance with the properties. Safety consideration of hydrogen system installation and its application can consider as one of the major issues influencing the acceptance of hydrogen for public use. The current methodology of hydrogen production and storage system was surveyed in this paper, and the characteristics of the system as well as their advantages and limitation were reviewed. Besides, this study has investigated and discussed the potential hazards associated with hydrogen refueling facilities such as hydrogen production, storage and dispensing system. These preliminary safety considerations in hazard identifications are intended to figure out the potential hazard and thus analyze the hazard in each of the sub-system before the full quantitative risk assessment take place. Thus, a framework for the entire risk analysis of hydrogen fueling stations was established.
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