Introduction and purpose of the work: Rheumatic diseases are chronic diseases that cause symptoms in many systems of the human body. Their most common symptoms include pain and symptoms of arthritis, their deformities, fatigue, and malaise. The aim of the article is to present the symptoms and mental disorders occurring in the course of selected rheumatic diseases. State of knowledge: The psychological symptoms are characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus. Specified is a form of lupus called NSPLE (neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus), which includes neuropsychiatric symptoms in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus. Psychiatric symptoms are also present in the course of other rheumatic diseases. Neuropsychiatric symptoms may affect up to 80% of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome, with 50% to 80% ahead of diagnosis. It has been proven that systemic slcerosis causes microvascular damage, which may cause neuropsychiatric symptoms in the form of mood disorders, anxiety and cognitive disorders. In one study, 59% of patients with fibromyalgia experienced mania, which was more than twice as high as in the control group. Summary: In the course of all rheumatic diseases presented by us, there are symptoms and mental disorders. They are often mood, cognitive and sleep disturbances. It should be emphasized that the etiology of psychiatric symptoms is multifactorial.
Introduction and objective Yerba Mate (YM) is a popular drink obtained from the dried and ground leaves of the Ilex paraguariens. The beneficial effects of Yerba Mate on the cardiovascular system, lipid-lowering, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and stimulating properties are known, however, there are also reports supporting its toxicity, that the consumption of Yerba Mate may predispose to the development of cancer. The purpose of this article is to present and organize information on the correlation between drinking Yerba Mate and cancer. Review methods A review of the available literature was performed by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: Yerba Mate and cancer, Yerba Mate. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge Substances contained in Yerba Mate have a positive impact on the human body. They exert health-promoting effects, e.g. increasing HDL levels and enhancing the antioxidant effect. A particularly desirable effect of Yerba Mate is its modulating effect on the course of the carcinogenesis process. Current knowledge on this subject is not complete. There are no evidences that substances in Yerba Mate without other risk factors increase the risk of oesophageal cancer. It is worth emphasizing that the properties of the Yerba Mate components are related to the reduction of the development of metastases of other cancers. Summary Despite the carcinogenic PAHs contained in the YM extract, there is no clear evidence that drinking it alone, without taking into account the temperature of the drink, could predispose to the development of esophageal cancer. Many substances found in YM have a beneficial effect on the human body.
Introduction and purpose of work: In recent years, drinking energy drinks has gained popularity among young people. High school students as a group of people entering adulthood, shape their habits and behaviors for the future. Therefore, their abuse of energy drinks at such a young age can lead to addiction and consequently, result in health problems. The aim of the work is to examine the drinking habit and awareness of high school students about energy drinksMaterial and method: The results of the survey were obtained on the basis of an online survey.Results: 812 respondents, aged 15-19, took part in the survey. 32.8% of high school students drink energy drinks occasionally, 16.4% of respondents reach for them several times a week, while 27.1% do not consume them. Only 30.2% of respondents correctly indicated the main ingredients of energy drinks. 87.9% of respondents say that you can get addicted to energy drinks. 40.5% of high school students reached for energy drinks for the first time at the age of 11-13, while 7.4% have not yet tried them. The vast majority of respondents (65.1%) choose energy drinks because of their taste. The promotion of energy drinks by celebrities encouraged only 7% of high school students to choose this type of drink.Conclusions: High school students are not aware of the composition of energy drinks. The main reason for reaching for these types of drinks are their taste, and the effects resulting from the action of caffeine and taurine go down the line. Both advertising and current trends in drinking energy drinks do not prove to be decisive when reaching for this type of stimulant. Teenagers are aware of the possibility of becoming addicted to energy drinks.
Volleyball is one of the most popular sports around the world. Due to its non-contact nature, it is considered as one of the safer team sports. The specificity of contusions in volleyball players is related to the type of performed and repeated movement patterns. The aim of the study was to describe the issue of injuries among volleyball players-most common anatomical locations, mechanisms, risk factors, methods of prevention. The article was created on the basis of a literature review. The most common type of injury found in volleyball players is ankle sprain. Overuse injuries most often affect the knees and shoulders. Blocking and spiking are elements of the volleyball game most closely related to contusions. Risk factors include position / role on the court, history of previous injuries and adaptive changes in the musculoskeletal system. The basic form of prevention is education regarding the development of an appropriate game technique and correct movement patterns. An important part of the training of volleyball players should be adequate warm-up, mobilization exercises and stretching. Further research should focus on understanding more precisely and describing the etiology of injuries. This could translate into the development of specific prophylaxis in the future, especially in relation to the areas of the body of volleyball players most affected by contusions. The effectiveness of injury prevention methods should be tested by carrying out large and well-designed scientific studies to provide data with high evidence strength.
Introduction and purpose of the work: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) affects up to 10% of the population. The deterioration in health-related quality of life in IBS patients has been shown to be comparable to, and perhaps even more severe than, other serious chronic organic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, hypertension, and end-stage renal disease. The aim of the study is to present a new method of IBS treatment.State of knowledge: There are four main types of IBS: Constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), Diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), Fluctuating IBS (IBS-M), and the unclassified form of IBS (IBS-U). Disturbances in entero-brain interactions play a key role in its multifactorial etiopathogenesis. In patients with IBS, quantitative and qualitative disturbances in the composition of the intestinal microbiota can be found. So far, it has not been possible to clearly establish the cause of the disease, so there is no possibility of causal therapy and effective cure. Both non-pharmacological methods and drugs, including rifaximin α, have been used in IBS therapy.Summary: Rifaximin has a positive effect on the symptoms of IBS. In clinical trials conducted in patients with IBS, the use of rifaximin for 2 weeks was associated with a reduction in the severity of joint symptoms, bloating, abdominal pain and discomfort, and an improvement in stool consistency within 4 and 12 weeks, and did not increase the risk of side effects. In the forms: with predominant diarrhea, mixed and unclassified, in order to reduce the overall symptoms as well as reduce the severity of flatulence and / or diarrhea, a 14-day therapy with rifaximin α is recommended.
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