Introduction and purpose of the work: Rheumatic diseases are chronic diseases that cause symptoms in many systems of the human body. Their most common symptoms include pain and symptoms of arthritis, their deformities, fatigue, and malaise. The aim of the article is to present the symptoms and mental disorders occurring in the course of selected rheumatic diseases. State of knowledge: The psychological symptoms are characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus. Specified is a form of lupus called NSPLE (neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus), which includes neuropsychiatric symptoms in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus. Psychiatric symptoms are also present in the course of other rheumatic diseases. Neuropsychiatric symptoms may affect up to 80% of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome, with 50% to 80% ahead of diagnosis. It has been proven that systemic slcerosis causes microvascular damage, which may cause neuropsychiatric symptoms in the form of mood disorders, anxiety and cognitive disorders. In one study, 59% of patients with fibromyalgia experienced mania, which was more than twice as high as in the control group. Summary: In the course of all rheumatic diseases presented by us, there are symptoms and mental disorders. They are often mood, cognitive and sleep disturbances. It should be emphasized that the etiology of psychiatric symptoms is multifactorial.
Introduction and purpose of work: In recent years, drinking energy drinks has gained popularity among young people. High school students as a group of people entering adulthood, shape their habits and behaviors for the future. Therefore, their abuse of energy drinks at such a young age can lead to addiction and consequently, result in health problems. The aim of the work is to examine the drinking habit and awareness of high school students about energy drinksMaterial and method: The results of the survey were obtained on the basis of an online survey.Results: 812 respondents, aged 15-19, took part in the survey. 32.8% of high school students drink energy drinks occasionally, 16.4% of respondents reach for them several times a week, while 27.1% do not consume them. Only 30.2% of respondents correctly indicated the main ingredients of energy drinks. 87.9% of respondents say that you can get addicted to energy drinks. 40.5% of high school students reached for energy drinks for the first time at the age of 11-13, while 7.4% have not yet tried them. The vast majority of respondents (65.1%) choose energy drinks because of their taste. The promotion of energy drinks by celebrities encouraged only 7% of high school students to choose this type of drink.Conclusions: High school students are not aware of the composition of energy drinks. The main reason for reaching for these types of drinks are their taste, and the effects resulting from the action of caffeine and taurine go down the line. Both advertising and current trends in drinking energy drinks do not prove to be decisive when reaching for this type of stimulant. Teenagers are aware of the possibility of becoming addicted to energy drinks.
Volleyball is one of the most popular sports around the world. Due to its non-contact nature, it is considered as one of the safer team sports. The specificity of contusions in volleyball players is related to the type of performed and repeated movement patterns. The aim of the study was to describe the issue of injuries among volleyball players-most common anatomical locations, mechanisms, risk factors, methods of prevention. The article was created on the basis of a literature review. The most common type of injury found in volleyball players is ankle sprain. Overuse injuries most often affect the knees and shoulders. Blocking and spiking are elements of the volleyball game most closely related to contusions. Risk factors include position / role on the court, history of previous injuries and adaptive changes in the musculoskeletal system. The basic form of prevention is education regarding the development of an appropriate game technique and correct movement patterns. An important part of the training of volleyball players should be adequate warm-up, mobilization exercises and stretching. Further research should focus on understanding more precisely and describing the etiology of injuries. This could translate into the development of specific prophylaxis in the future, especially in relation to the areas of the body of volleyball players most affected by contusions. The effectiveness of injury prevention methods should be tested by carrying out large and well-designed scientific studies to provide data with high evidence strength.
Introduction: The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unknown. It is known to be multi-factorial. The world is seeing an ever increasing number of new cases of these diseases. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the main representatives of inflammatory bowel diseases. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases. Materials and methods: The results were obtained on the basis of a questionnaire survey. Results: 95 people took part in the survey aged 16 to 72 years old. 35.8% were men and 64.2% were women. 78% lives in cites, only 22% are rural residents. 56.4% of them suffer from ulcerative colitis and 43.6% from Crohn's disease. 40.4% of respondents smoked cigarettes in the past, but currently only 12.6% are still struggling with the addiction. Only 4 people declare brushing their teeth after each meal. 18 people confirm the presence of NCDH in their families, 19 suffer from other autoimmune diseases at the same time. 2 people from among the respondents - also celiac disease. One person had Salmonella and Shigella infection. Conclusions: Due to the mutual cause-effect relationships between genetic predisposition and the influence of environmental factors, it is currently difficult to state which of the above factors plays a decisive role. Environmental factors that play a role in the etiopathogenesis of IBD include, first and foremost, the intestinal bacterial flora, diet, human environment and smoking. There is a clear tendency for the coexistence of autoimmune diseases in the group of patients with NCJ and a predisposition to the disease in the family. There is also a need to educate patients about the benefits of taking probiotics and taking care of proper eating habits. Key words: inflammatory bowel diseases, risk of developing the disease, irresponsible patient
Introduction. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common types of infection in both hospitalized and outpatient settings. The etiology is mostly bacterial, and the typical causative agent is uropathogenic Escherichia coli. There is a noticeable increase in drug resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of the study was retrospective analyses of etiological agents of UTI and their antibiotic resistance patterns in Nephrology Unit patients. Material and methods. An infection was diagnosed based on the patient’s symptoms and positive results of urine culture, carried out over 26 months. The clinical material was tested by using the VITEK system, the drug susceptibility of the emerged pathogens was identified. Results. The most common etiological agents of UTI were Gram-negative rods: Escherichia coli (51.23%), Klebsiella spp. (19.3%) and Proteus spp. (13.68%). The analysis of drug resistance profiles of these pathogens showed a high percentage of strains resistant to broad-spectrum penicillins and fluoroquinolones. At the same time, it seems that E. coli isolates presented the most favorable pattern of drug susceptibility in this comparison. Conclusions. The alarming tendency of increasing drug resistance among pathogens causing UTIs to antibiotics such as penicillins or fluoroquinolones prompts a careful choice of drugs in empirical therapies. The most appropriate practice in this regard seems to be meticulous control of nosocomial infections and making therapeutic decisions based on the knowledge of local microbiological data.
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