and Sacks1' 2, 3 have shown that when the enamel surl faces of both nondecalcified teeth and enamel-dentin fragments were treated with an acidulated fluoride solution and immersed in broth seeded with Lactobacillus acidophilus for thirty days, decalcification of enamel was reduced from 31.69 to 39.37 per cent. In a previous report3 it has been shown that when 2 per cent sodium fluoride solution was applied to both previously decalcified teeth and enamel-dentin fragments, it was as effective for reducing further decalcification of enamel as when applied either to nondecalcified teeth or nondecalcified enamel-dentin fragments. The favorable results achieved with decalcified teeth have suggested variation in technic for applying the solutions, with greater promise for reducing the susceptibility of enamel to decaleification Volker,4 Bibby,5 Muhler and Van Huysen,6 Phillips,7 and Muhler, Boyd and Van Huysen8 have shown with either powdered enamel or enamel fragments that both were less soluble to acids following their treatment with a fluoride solution. Phillips7 has shown that the hardness and impermeability of enamel was increased following exposure to a fluoride solution. Likins and McClure9 in their studies of powdered enamel treated with various fluoride solutions suggest that the washing of such enamel in distilled water removed the adsorbed fluorides. Scott, Picard, and Wyckofft0 have reported that CaF2 deposits formed upon slabs of enamel during their immersion in a fluoride solution can be removed by washing in distilled water.The purpose of this investigation has been to determine the efficacy of both alkaline and acidulated fluoride solutions for reducing decalcification* of enamel. METHOD OF STUDYSixty-one noncarious extracted molar teeth, representing fifty-two adults, were thoroughly cleaned with scalers, rubber cups, and pumice. With the aid of separating disks the crown of each tooth, after being removed from the root at the cemento-enamel junction, was cut into four similar parts known as fragments A, B, C, and D. The enamel-dentin fragments were then washed for a few seconds in running tap water in order to remove any tooth dust or foreign particles present. The 244 fragments were then dried at 420 C. for six
pALMER, Overstreet, and Sacks" 2 have shown that when the enamel surfaces of whole teeth and of enamel-dentin fragments were treated with either an acidulated fluoride solution, a 2 per cent sodium fluoride solution, or a Zin-Ferro-Nitrate solution and immersed in broth seeded with lactobacilli, decalcification of enamel was reduced.Cheyne,3 Bibby,4 Knutson and Armstrong,5 6 7 Knutson, Armstrong, and Feldman,8 and Jordan, Wood, Allison, and Irvin9 have reported a decrease in the incidence of dental caries in groups of individuals following the employment of a method utilizing certain fluoride solutions. Arnold, Dean, and Singleton'0 and Stone, Lawton, Bransby, and Hartley" have reported no significant reduction in the incidence of dental caries for groups of individuals whose teeth had been treated with an acidulated fluoride solution. Crawford,12 Younger,13 and Gillard, Boelsche, and Summers14 have reported a decrease in the incidence of dental caries in groups of patients following the employment of a method utilizing various pharmaceuticals in combination. Likins and McClure15 in their studies of powdered enamel treated with various fluoride solutions suggest that the adsorbed fluoride is removed from the enamel by the washing process. Scott, Picard and Wyckoff16 have reported that the CaF2 deposits formed upon slabs of enamel during their immersion in a fluoride solution can be removed by washing in water.The purpose of this investigation has been twofold: (a) To determine the effectiveness that such test solutions as applied in previous studies" 2 may demonstrate for reducing decalcification* of enamel when both treated whole teeth and dental fragments were exposed to Lactobacillus acidophilus for prolonged periods. (b) To determine if 2 per cent sodium fluoride solution was equally effective for reducing decalcification of enamel in both decalcified and nondecalcified dental tissues when it was applied to both whole teeth and enamel-dentin fragments. METHOD OF STUDYExtracted, erupted, noncarious whole third molar teeth, representing one hundred adults, were thoroughly cleaned with scalers, rubber cups, and pumice. They were then dried at 42°C. for twenty-four hours, after which the teeth were
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