Farmers in the Paranapanema Valley (São Paulo, Brazil) have reported problems with flocks of Eared Doves (Zenaida auriculata) eating sprouting soybeans. In this region these birds breed colonially in sugar-cane, and eat four crop seeds, using 70% of the dry weight, in the following order of importance: maize, wheat, rice, and soybeans. Three weeds (Euphorbia heterophylla, Brachiaria plantaginea, and Commelina benghalensis) were important. This information suggests that the doves adapted particularly well to the landscape created by the agricultural practices in the region, exploiting many available foods.
Body morphometry and temporary weaning (TW) associated to two protocols of fixedtime artificial insemination (FTAI) with intravaginal progesterone releasing device (IPRD) upon pregnancy rates were evaluated. Cows, at 45-59 days post-partum, were randomly divided into group 1 (n=147) and group 2 (n=197). Group 1: received 1g progesterone (IPRD) and 2mg estradiol benzoate on day 0 (EB-D0); 150g D-cloprostenol on day 7 (PGF-2-D7); 0,5mg estradiol cypionate and (TW-48 hours) on day 9 (EC+TW-D9); FTAI on day 11 (D11); group 2: IPRD+EB (D0); PGF-2+EC+TW (72 hours) on D8; FTAI (D11). The pregnancy rate was higher in cows submitted to TW (72 hours) than in cows with TW (48 hours), or rather, 49.74% vs 30.60% (p<0.05). There was a statistical difference (p<0.05) in groups 1 and 2 between pregnant or non-pregnant cows with regard to body weight (412kg vs 400kg and 419kg vs 390kg) and body condition score (BCS) (3.33 vs 3.08 and 3.53 vs 3/32) respectively. Further, 72-hour weaning associated to the applied protocol improved the pregnancy rate. The evaluation of BCS during post-partum may adjust the start of the breeding season.Keywords: calf, temporary weaning, FTAI, zebu cows, post-partum. RESUMOO presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a morfometria corpórea e a remoção temporária dos bezerros (RTB), em dois protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) com dispositivo intravaginal liberador de progesterona (DILP), sobre as taxas de prenhez. Vacas com 45 a 59 dias pós-parto foram divididas em grupo 1 (n=147) e grupo 2 (n=197), recebendo no grupo 1: 1g progesterona e 2mg de benzoato de estradiol no dia zero (DILP+BE-D0); 150g de D-cloprostenol sódico no dia 7 (PGF-2-D7); 0,5mg de cipionato de estradiol e RTB (48 horas) dia 9 (CE+RTB-D9); IATF dia 11 (D11) e grupo 2: DILP+BE (D0); PGF-2+CE+RTB-72 horas (D8); IATF (D11). A taxa de prenhez foi maior em vacas submetidas à RTB por 72 horas, em relação à de 48 horas; 49,74% × 30,60% (p<0,05). Houve diferença (p<0,05) nos grupos 1 e 2 entre vacas prenhes e não prenhes para peso (412kg × 400kg; 419kg × * fernandoputti@tupa.unesp.br Brazilian Journal of Biosystems Engineering v. 9(4): 348-357, 2015 349 390kg) e condição corporal (ECC) 3,33 × 3,08; 3,53 × 3,32, respectivamente. A RTB de 72 horas, associada ao protocolo pode ter elevado a taxa de prenhez. A avaliação do ECC durante o pós-parto pode ser usada para estimar o início da estação de monta.Palavras-chave: bezerro, remoção temporária, IATF, vacas zebu, pós-parto.
Effect of refrigeration systems upon frozen bull sperm viability assessed by computer-assisted sperm analysis and fluorescent probes AbstractSperm cryopreservation success depends upon the maintenance of spermatozoa fertility potential. Sperm cells must preserve both integrity and functionality of several cell structures. The stabilization phase must allow the exit of water from the sperm cells via osmosis. This study aimed to compare the effect of refrigeration in the commercial refrigerator (CR) and the transport/refrigeration box (TRB) upon the viability of frozen bull sperm diluted in three different extenders (A, B and C). Ten Nellore bulls, Bos taurus indicus maintained in Artificial Insemination Center were used and the spermatozoa samples was assessed for Plasma Membrane Integrity and CASA evaluation. The stabilization phase (5°C/4 hours) was performed in the CR as well as in the TRB, and then samples were exposed to nitrogen vapor during 20 minutes and then plunged into nitrogen. The statistical analysis was done using the variance analysis and the significance level was set at 5%. In the CR the post-thawing parameters for PM and ALH were higher (p < 0.05) in the extender A (glicine egg-yolk) and extender B (glicine egg-free) when compared with extender C (TRIS egg-yolk). As for BCF, STR and LIN, the parameters were higher (p < 0.05) in extender B than in C. Samples that were stabilized in the TRB presented higher post-thawing parameters (p < 0.05) for PM and LIN in extender A and extender B when compared with C. BCF and STR parameters were higher (p < 0.05) in extemder B when compared with C. Extender B samples had higher (p < 0.05) PMI when stabilized in CR. The findings in this experiment enable us to say that both CR and TRB were effective in keeping the viability of post-thawing bull semen. membranas plasmáticas e por meio da análise computadorizada (CASA). A fase de estabilização (5°C/4 horas) foi realizada em RC e em CTR, sendo as amostras expostas ao vapor de nitrogênio durante 20 minutos e após mergulhadas no nitrogênio. A estatística foi feita com a análise de variância com nível de significância a 5%. No RC os parâmetros pós-descongelação para PM e ALH foram superiores (p < 0,05) no meio B em relação ao C. Amostras que foram estabilizadas na CTR apresentaram parâmetros superiores (p < 0,05) para PM e LIN nos meios A e B, em relação ao C. Os parâmetros BCF e STR foram superiores (p < 0,05) no meio B em relação ao C. As amostras do meio B tiveram maior (p < 0,05) PMI quando estabilizadas no RC. No presente estudo, conclui-se que o RC e a CTR foram efetivos na manutenção da viabilidade pós-descongelação do sêmen bovino. Palavras-chave: Touros zebu, sêmen refrigerado, sêmen congelado, CASA, integridade de membrana
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