The fuzzy logic admits infinite intermediate logical values between false and true. With this principle, it developed in this study a system based on fuzzy rules, which indicates the body mass index of ruminant animals in order to obtain the best time to slaughter. The controller developed has as input the variables weight and height, and as output a new body mass index, called Fuzzy Body Mass Index (Fuzzy BMI), which may serve as a detection system at the time of livestock slaughtering, comparing one another by the linguistic variables "Very Low", "Low", "Average ", "High" and "Very High". For demonstrating the use application of this fuzzy system, an analysis was made with 147 Nellore beeves to determine Fuzzy BMI values for each animal and indicate the location of body mass of any herd. The performance validation of the system was based on a statistical analysis using the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.923, representing a high positive correlation, indicating that the proposed method is appropriate. Thus, this method allows the evaluation of the herd comparing each animal within the group, thus providing a quantitative method of farmer decision. It was concluded that this study established a computational method based on fuzzy logic that mimics part of human reasoning and interprets the body mass index of any bovine species and in any region of the country.

Influência de um nutracêutico no sêmen, testosterona, cortisol, eritrograma e peso corpóreo em touros jovens Bos taurus indicus AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the nutraceutic (Promater) influence on semen, body weight, eritrogram and hormones testosterone and cortisol in Nelore young bulls. Twenty Nelore bulls were utilized, aging between 30 and 36 months, divided in group 1 (G1)=10 (control) and group 2 (G2)=10 (nutraceutic group -Promater: 20 mL/animal/day, during 70 days). Corporal weight, blood samples to eritrogram, testosterone and cortisol were obtained in days zero (D0), 35 (D35) and 70 (D70) in two groups. There was difference (P<0.01) among days collected (0, 35 and 70) with means of 424.30 kg, 480.70 kg and 502.60 kg, respectively, but there was not difference between groups. There was not difference among groups to semen, eritrogram, cortisol (G1 = 3,19 µg/dL; G2 = 2,91 µg/dL) and testosterone (G1 = 274,48 ng/dL; G2 = 509,65 ng/dL). The results exposed allow concluding that were not observed significative effect of the nutraceutic upon evaluated parameters: body weight, semen, hormonal profile and eritrogram.

The Body Mass Index (BMI) can be used by farmers to help determine the time of evaluation of the body mass gain of the animal. However, the calculation of this index does not reveal immediately whether the animal is ready for slaughter or if it needs special care fattening. The aim of this study was to develop a software using the Fuzzy Logic to compare the bovine body mass among themselves and identify the groups for slaughter and those that requires more intensive feeding, using "mass" and "height" variables, and the output Fuzzy BMI. For the development of the software, it was used a fuzzy system with applications in a herd of 147 Nellore cows, located in a city of Santa Rita do Pardo city -Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) state, in Brazil, and a database generated by Matlab software.KEYWORDS: computer system, IMC, Mamdani and profits. SOFTWARE PARA A AVALIAÇÃO DE GANHO CORPORAL DE REBANHO NELORE PELO ÍNDICE DE MASSA CORPORAL FUZZYRESUMO: O Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) pode ser utilizado por pecuaristas para auxiliar na determinação do momento da avaliação de ganho corporal do animal. No entanto, o cálculo desse índice não revela imediatamente se o animal está apto ao abate ou se necessita de cuidados especiais para recuperação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um software utilizando a lógica fuzzy para a comparação da massa corporal de bovinos entre si e identificação dos grupos para abate, e dos que necessitam de alimentação mais intensa, utilizando-se das variáveis "massa" e "altura", e a saída IMCFuzzy. Para a elaboração do software, utilizou-se de um sistema fuzzy com aplicações em um rebanho de 147 vacas nelore, localizado em Santa Rita do Pardo-MS, e um banco de dados gerado pelo software Matlab.

The objective of this study was to evaluate variations in the orbital area, muzzle and vulva surface temperatures and progesterone (P4) concentrations during follicular and luteal phases in Murrah buffalo and whether these temperatures are influenced by the weather patterns. Forty cows were submitted to P4-based hormonal protocol. After P4 device withdrawal transrectal ultrasonography and infrared digital thermography were performed daily until day 16 and on days 20, 24, 28 and 32 to follow the ovulation as well as the vulva, orbital area and muzzle temperatures. In addition, the weather variables were evaluated, as well as rectal temperature (RT) and P4 and cortisol concentration. Vulva, muzzle and orbital area temperatures correlated positively with RT and with weather data. Greater temperatures of the vulva, orbital area and muzzle were detected during the period of estrus. The vulvar surface temperature (VST) was not influenced to a great extent by weather factors during the morning, so this period was chosen to evaluate the influence of the phase of the estrous cycle on VST. The VST was less during days 16, 20, 24 and 28 (diestrus) and P4 concentration was inversely proportional to the VST. Muzzle, orbital area and RT, however, were not of the same pattern. Negative correlations were observed between VST and P4 concentrations. It is concluded that VST undergoes changes during the reproductive phases, correlating with P4 concentration. The weather factors influence the temperatures of the body surface areas, and the morning is the most desirable time to perform the thermographies.

RESUMO O conhecimento do desenvolvimento mamário de um rebanho leiteiro é fundamental, pois relaciona-se à eficiência produtiva. Objetivou-se avaliar a associação dos parâmetros térmicos mamários com concentrações hormonais de búfalas em distintos estágios fisiológicos. Foram utilizadas 24 búfalas mestiças Murrah, em quatro grupos (n= 6): grupo 1 (bezerras), grupo 2 (novilhas), grupo 3 (gestantes) e grupo 4 (lactantes). A cada 28 dias, durante 4 meses, realizaram-se exames de termografia digital por infravermelho para verificar temperatura superficial dos corpos mamários craniais (CMCr) e caudais (CMC), das cisternas craniais (CGMCr) e caudais (CGMC) e tetas craniais (TGMCr) e caudais (TGMC). Foi aferida temperatura retal (TR) e colhido sangue para mensuração das concentrações plasmáticas do fator semelhante a insulina tipo-I, insulina (INS), hormônio do crescimento (GH), progesterona (P4) e estradiol. Grupos 1 e 2 apresentaram correlação de TR com CGMCr. No grupo 3, TR correlacionou-se com TGMCr, TGMC e concentrações plasmáticas de P4. No grupo 4, houve correlação de TR com CGMC, TGMCr e concentrações plasmáticas de INS e GH, e de TGMC com concentrações plasmáticas de GH. Nos quatro grupos, CGMCr correlacionou-se com CMCr e TGMCr, semelhantemente ao observado na porção caudal. Variações térmicas mamárias refletiram alterações fisiológicas aguardadas nos períodos avaliados.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of season and pregnancy stage on the temperature of various body areas of Holstein cows using digital infrared thermography, an effective and non-invasive technique. The temperature was recorded at several areas of the body surface to determine the most reliable body area for measurement of rectal temperature in pregnant and non-pregnant animals. Holstein cows (n = 24) were divided into groups according to their physiological stage. The experimental period was 365 days, containing a dry (April-September) and rainy (October-March) season, with parameters measured every 28 days. Thermographic data for different body areas, rectal thermometry, ultrasonography, and climatic data were collected between 7:00 and 9:00. Thermogram-recorded temperatures significantly differed (P < 0.05) between seasons and reproductive phases. Moreover, significant differences were noted between the temperatures of the flank, lateral udder, and perineal areas across seasons (P < 0.05). The udder, perineal, and rectal temperatures differed according to the reproductive phase (P < 0.05). Significant correlations (P < 0.01) were observed between reproductive phases and rectal, ocular globe, snout, flank, and perineum temperature. The body areas examined by thermographic imaging presented different temperatures, exhibiting physiological variation. Season and physiological stage influenced the temperature of body areas of milk cows.

Background:The digital infrared imaging thermography is a non-invasive imaging exam of easy performance accurately to measure temperatures of the areas of the animals body. The objective was to study the physiological variations of the surface temperature of the mammary gland, vulva, pelvis, thorax and abdomen with digital infrared imaging thermography in negative dairy cattle with California mastitis test (CMT) in different seasons, and the influence of climatic factors in these temperatures.

RESUMOObjetivou-se estudar a morfometria corpórea, as características do sêmen, o perfil proteico do plasma seminal em SDS-PAGE e a concentração sérica de testosterona em cervos-sambar (Cervus unicolor), criados em cativeiro, na estação reprodutiva da primavera. Quatro machos com idades entre 12 e 36 meses foram avaliados em quatro momentos, com intervalos de sete dias, com peso corpóreo (60,5 a 89,0kg), índice de massa corporal (93,07kg/m 2 a 126,56kg/m 2 ), volume do ejaculado (0,50±0,35mL a 0,75±0,28 mL), motilidade espermática (87,75±4,78% a 90,00±7,07%), defeitos totais (17,25±5,81% a 47,72±17,55%), testosterona sérica (6,43±4,33ng/dL a 166,00±64,48ng/dL) e proteínas do plasma seminal com bandas entre 7,6 e 142kDa. As características dos ejaculados não diferiram (P>0,05) entre as três primeiras colheitas. Houve diferença (P<0,05) para os defeitos espermáticos com elevação na quarta colheita. No plasma seminal de cada cervo, foram identificadas de 16 a 27 bandas de proteínas entre 7,6 e 142kDa. Conclui-se que a qualidade espermática foi satisfatória na primavera. O estresse das contenções sucessivas causou queda da qualidade espermática. A idade influi na concentração sérica de testosterona, a qual foi maior nos cervos aos 36 meses.Palavras-chave: Cervidae, cativeiro, sêmen, SDS-PAGE, andrógeno (60.5 to 89.0kg), body mass index (93.07 to 126.56kg/m 2 ), ejaculate volume (0.50±0.35mL to 0.75±0.28mL), sperm motility (87.75±4.78% to 90.00±7.07% ), total defects (17.25±5.81% to 47.72±17.55%), serum testosterone (6.43±4.33 ng/dL to 166.00±64.48ng/dL) ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study the body morphometry, semen characteristics, seminal plasma protein profile in SDS-PAGE and serum testosterone concentration in Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor), in captivity in the breeding season (spring). Four males aged between 12 and 36 months were assessed in four moments with intervals of seven days with body weight