Hydrophobic carbon fibres were developed and show improved interfacial adhesion.

excellent electromagnetic wave absorption capacity and a localized surface plasmon effect, resulting in broadband light (UVvis-Infrared) absorption and excellent photothermal conversion efficiency. [8][9][10][11][12] Specifically, plasmonic TMN materials have displayed high melting points, excellent thermal and chemical stabilities, and are less expensive than noble metals such as Au. [13] Recently, group 4 TMNs (65% of HfN, 58% of ZrN, and 49% of TiN) exhibited higher photothermal transduction efficiencies than that of commercially Au (43%) samples because of their strong localized surface plasmon resonance effects. [14,15] However, most of these TMN compounds are usually formed from non-or sub-stoichiometric compositions and contain low nitrogen content. [16] Specifically, when the metallic atoms are in higher oxidation states, their corresponding metal nitride compounds are expected to form higher-metal (HM) nitrogen-rich (Nitrogen:Metal ratio >1) nitrides. These characteristics can result in some nitrides, such as HM-Mo 5 N 6 , posessing metallic properties resulting in improved electrocatalytic performance compared to nitrogen-poor nitrides. This can be attributed to the more complicated electron orbital hybridization state in Mo 5 N 6 compared to MoN. [17] For instance, the d band center positions of HM-Mo 5 N 6 and MoN are −1.96 and −2.28 eV. Therefore, the high valence state of Mo atoms in HM-Mo 5 N 6 and strong plasmon effect result in better catalytic activity and demonstrate great potential for solar-driven water generation. Alternatively, other HM nitrides, such as Ta 3 N 5 , demonstrate semiconductivity, which is advantageous for applications such as photoelectrochemical water splitting. [18] Furthermore, due to their higher oxidation states, HM-nitrides exhibit excellent corrosion resistance and high conductivity resulting in electrochemical catalytic behavior under harsh environments such as extremes of pH. [17,19] To date, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been explored to synthesize graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and has also been used to obtain Mo 2 C, MoN, and Mo 5 N 6 nanosheets through the selection of specific precursors. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Furthermore, other researchers have also obtained metal nitrides via either the salt-template-assisted or atomic substitution methods under an ammonia atmosphere. [26][27][28][29][30] Although there has been Higher-metal (HM) nitrides are a fascinating family of materials being increasingly researched due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, few focus on investigating their application in a solar steam generation because the controllable and large-scale synthesis of these materials remains a significant challenge. Herein, it is reported that higher-metal molybdenum nitride nanosheets (HM-Mo 5 N 6 ) can be produced at the gramscale using amine-functionalized MoS 2 as precursor. The first-principles calculation confirms amine-functionalized MoS 2 nanosheet effectively lengthens...

Two-dimensional (2D) ultrathin transition-metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides are considered to be a family of important functional materials for various applications; however, it is challenging to realize their fast and efficient growth from gas phase. Herein, we demonstrate a one-step direct and rapid synthesis of ultrathin molybdenum nitride (MoN) crystals with controlled thickness and morphology on liquid copper by controlling diffusion of the Mo source through a liquid copper film method. The growth of a few individual crystals with thickness down to 1 nm and continuous large-area films takes only 3 and 5 min, respectively, which is at least 20 times faster than previously reported. More importantly, a series of morphologies of MoN, including pyramidal crystals, were obtained by adjusting the synthesis time and the amount of hydrogen in nitrogen gas from 15% to 5%. The mechanism of this morphology evolution is explained through the molecular diffusion kinetic growth process. Furthermore, the MoN films present enhanced catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction due to the exposed catalytically active surface and fast electron transport in highly conductive hexagonal MoN (h-MoN).

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Oral motor assessment is used to identify abnormal sucking patterns which may reflect neurodevelopmental problems in preterm infants, but few studies have focused on moderately and late preterm infants. We enrolled 118 moderately and late preterm infants (mean gestational age, 35.04 weeks; mean birth weight, 2347.59 g) and analyzed the relationship between the Neonatal Oral-Motor Assessment Scale scores of these infants and the Chinese revision of Bayley Scales of Infant Development outcomes at 6 months corrected age. And the infants with abnormal sucking pattern had significantly lower Mental Development Index and Psychomotor Development Index and showed a higher rate of below average scores than control group (P = .003, P = .029, P = .022). The incoordination of suck–swallow–respiration was a risk factor for adverse neurodevelopment (RR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.42–9.45). These indicate that abnormal sucking patterns in moderately and late preterm infants might provide some predictive value for short-term neurodevelopmental outcomes, but the clinical predictive value for developmental delay need to be determined in a longer term follow-up. This finding may offer a basis for early intervention.