This study aimed to evaluate the role of the triglyceride (triacylglycerol) glucose (TyG) index in predicting and mediating the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This cohort study included 6078 participants aged over 60 years who participated in a routine health check-up programme from 2011 to 2017. The competing risk model, cox regression model and multimediator analyses were performed. TyG was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dl) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)/2]. During a median 6 years of follow-up, 705 (21.01/1000 person-years) CVD events occurred. In fully adjusted analyses, quartiles 3 and 4 versus quartile 1 of TyG index (adjusted subhazard ratios [SHRs] 1.33 [95% CI: 1.05–1.68] and 1.72 [1.37–2.16]) were associated with an increased risk of CVD events. The continuous time-dependent TyG remained significant in predicting CVD events (adjusted hazard ratios [HR] 1.43 [1.24–1.63]). The adverse estimated effects of body mass index (BMI) or resting heart rate (RHR) on CVD mediated through the joint effect of the baseline and follow-up TyG index. In addition, an effect mediated only through the follow-up TyG existed ( P < 0.05). Thus, it is necessary to routinely measure the TyG. The TyG index might be useful for predicting CVD events in clinical practice.

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ObjectiveNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the major causes of liver-related diseases but relationship between triglyceride glucose (TyG) and NAFLD in the elderly is not reported yet. In this study, we investigated the role of TyG index for predicting the incidence of NAFLD in the elderly.Design and settingThis is a prospective cohort study in Henan, China, from 2011 to 2018.Participants and methodsIn total, 46 693 elderly who participated in a routine physical examination programme from 2011 to 2018 were included in this study. TyG index was calculated as ln (fasting triglyceride (mg/dL)×fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/2), while NAFLD was defined as hepatic steatosis after excluding other causes based on the results of abdominal ultrasonography; Cox regression model was performed to explore the relationship between TyG index and NAFLD. Also, mediation effect was used to analyse the role of the TyG index in WHtR (waist-to-height ratio) and NAFLD.ResultsDuring the 149 041 person-years follow-up, a total of 5660 NAFLD events occurred (3.80/100 person-years). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, quartiles 4 of TyG index significantly increased the incidence of NAFLD compared with quartile 1, the HRs and 95% CI were 1.314 (1.234 to 1.457). In addition, TyG index played a partial mediating role in the relationship between WHtR and NAFLD and indirect effect was 1.009 (1.006 to 1.011).ConclusionHigher TyG index was associated with higher risk of NAFLD in the aged, and therefore, TyG index may be a novel predictor for incidence of NAFLD. Further, regular examination and evaluation of the TyG index might be useful for controlling the occurrence of NAFLD.

BackgroundDespite increasing evidence that has shown the association of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) with cancer risk, the results remain inconclusive. We, therefore, conducted the meta-analysis to clarify the association by including recently published studies.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify all relevant studies from inception to January 2023. To pool data, fixed-effects or random-effects models were used where appropriate. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias tests were performed.ResultsA total of 13 studies (4 cohort studies and 9 case–control studies) were included in the analysis, with a total of 625,738 participants. The highest UPFs consumption was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10–1.38), colon cancer (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.14–1.36), and breast cancer (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00–1.20) but not rectal cancer (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.97–1.43) and prostate cancer (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.93–1.12). In addition, the subgroup analyses showed that a positive association between UPFs consumption and colorectal cancer was observed among men (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.15–1.50), whereas no significant association was observed among women (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.94–1.29).ConclusionThe present meta-analysis suggests that high UPFs consumption is associated with a significantly increased risk of certain site-specific cancers, especially the digestive tract and some hormone-related cancers. However, further rigorously designed prospective and experimental studies are needed to better understand causal pathways.

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