Purpose: Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been reported to be involved in various biologic processes. The clinical significance and biologic role of GOLPH3 in breast cancer, however, remains unknown.Experimental Design: Expression of GOLPH3 in normal breast cells, breast cancer cells, and 6-paired breast cancer and adjacent noncancerous tissues were quantified using real-time PCR and Western blotting. GOLPH3 protein expression was analyzed in 258 archived, paraffin-embedded breast cancer samples using immunohistochemistry. The role of GOLPH3 in breast cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenicity was explored in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting and luciferase reporter analyses were used to investigate the effect of GOLPH3 overexpression and silencing on the expression of cell-cycle regulators and FOXO1 transcriptional activity.Results: GOLPH3 was significantly upregulated in breast cancer cells and tissues compared with normal cells and tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed high expression of GOLPH3 in 133 of 258 (51.6%) breast cancer specimens. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation of GOLPH3 expression with advanced clinical stage and poorer survival. Overexpression and ablation of GOLPH3 promoted and inhibited, respectively, the proliferation and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. GOLPH3 overexpression enhanced AKT activity and decreased FOXO1 transcriptional activity, downregulated cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21Cip1 , p27 Kip1, and p57 Kip2 , and upregulated the CDK regulator cyclin D1. Conclusion: Our results suggest that high GOLPH3 expression is associated with poor overall survival in patients with breast cancer and that GOLPH3 overexpression increases the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human breast cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res; 18(15); 4059-69. Ó2012 AACR.

FOXO transcription factors are key tumor suppressors in mammalian cells. Until now, suppression of FOXOs in cancer cells was thought to be mainly due to activation of multiple onco-kinases by a phosphorylation-ubiquitylation-mediated cascade. Therefore, it was speculated that inhibition of FOXO proteins would naturally occur through a multiple step post-translational process. However, whether cancer cells may downregulate FOXO protein via an alternative regulatory mechanism is unclear. In the current study, we report that expression of miR-96 was markedly upregulated in breast cancer cells and breast cancer tissues compared with normal breast epithelial cells (NBEC) and normal breast tissues. Ectopic expression of miR-96 induced the proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of breast cancer cells, while inhibition of miR-96 reduced this effect. Furthermore, upregulation of miR-96 in breast cancer cells resulted in modulation of their entry into the G1/S transitional phase, which was caused by downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, p27Kip1 and p21Cip1, and upregulation of the cell-cycle regulator cyclin D1. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-96 downregulated FOXO3a expression by directly targeting the FOXO3a 3′-untranslated region. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-96 may play an important role in promoting proliferation of human breast cancer cells and present a novel mechanism of miRNA-mediated direct suppression of FOXO3a expression in cancer cells.

for the South China Breast Cancer Group (SCBCG) IMPORTANCE Among all subtypes of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer has a relatively high relapse rate and poor outcome after standard treatment. Effective strategies to reduce the risk of relapse and death are needed.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of low-dose capecitabine maintenance after standard adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized clinical trial conducted at 13 academic centers and clinical sites in China from April 2010 to December 2016 and final date of follow-up was April 30, 2020. Patients (n = 443) had early-stage triple-negative breast cancer and had completed standard adjuvant chemotherapy.INTERVENTIONS Eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to receive capecitabine (n = 222) at a dose of 650 mg/m 2 twice a day by mouth for 1 year without interruption or to observation (n = 221) after completion of standard adjuvant chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe primary end point was disease-free survival. Secondary end points included distant disease-free survival, overall survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, and adverse events. RESULTS Among 443 women who were randomized, 434 were included in the full analysis set (mean [SD] age, 46 [9.9] years; T1/T2 stage, 93.1%; node-negative, 61.8%) (98.0% completed the trial). After a median follow-up of 61 months (interquartile range, 44-82), 94 events were observed, including 38 events (37 recurrences and 32 deaths) in the capecitabine group and 56 events (56 recurrences and 40 deaths) in the observation group. The estimated 5-year disease-free survival was 82.8% in the capecitabine group and 73.0% in the observation group (hazard ratio [HR] for risk of recurrence or death, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.42-0.95]; P = .03). In the capecitabine group vs the observation group, the estimated 5-year distant disease-free survival was 85.8% vs 75.8% (HR for risk of distant metastasis or death, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.38-0.92]; P = .02), the estimated 5-year overall survival was 85.5% vs 81.3% (HR for risk of death, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.47-1.19]; P = .22), and the estimated 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival was 85.0% vs 80.8% (HR for risk of locoregional recurrence or death, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.46-1.13]; P = .15). The most common capecitabinerelated adverse event was hand-foot syndrome (45.2%), with 7.7% of patients experiencing a grade 3 event.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among women with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer who received standard adjuvant treatment, low-dose capecitabine maintenance therapy for 1 year, compared with observation, resulted in significantly improved 5-year disease-free survival.

BackgroundThymosin beta 10 (TMSB10) has been demonstrated to be involved in the malignant process of many cancers. The purpose of this study was to determine the biological roles and clinical significance of TMSB10 in breast cancer and to identify whether TMSB10 might be used as a serum marker for the diagnosis of breast cancer.MethodsTMSB10 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) of 253 breast tumors and ELISA of serum from 80 patients with breast cancer. Statistical analysis was performed to explore the correlation between TMSB10 expression and clinicopathological features in breast cancer. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to examine the association between TMSB10 expression and overall survival and metastatic status. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to assess the biological roles of TMSB10 in breast cancer. Western blotting and luciferase assays were examined to identify the underlying pathway involved in the tumor-promoting role of TMSB10.ResultsWe found TMSB10 was upregulated in breast cancer cells and tissues. Univariate and multivariate analysis demonstrated that high TMSB10 expression significantly correlated with clinicopathological features, poor prognosis and distant metastases in patients with breast cancer. Overexpression of TMSB10 promotes, while silencing of TMSB10 inhibits, proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results further reveal that TMSB10 promotes the proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells via AKT/FOXO signaling, which is antagonized by the AKT kinase inhibitor perifosine. Importantly, the expression of TMSB10 is significantly elevated in the serum of patients with breast cancer and is positively associated with clinical stages of breast cancer.ConclusionTMSB10 may hold promise as a minimally invasive serum cancer biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer and a potential therapeutic target which will facilitate the development of a novel therapeutic strategy against breast cancer.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-016-0785-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

AC and ASC subtypes are independent prognostic factors for cervical cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy. AC and ASC subtypes are associated with poor survival outcomes than those with SCC.

JAK2 activity is tightly controlled through a self-inhibitory effect via its JAK homology domain 2 (JH2),

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Whether or not skeletal muscle mass (SMM) depletion, known as sarcopenia, has significant negative effects on the prognosis of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) is both new and controversial. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the prognostic significance of sarcopenia in HNC. Methods: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, which contain trial registries and meeting proceedings, to identify related published or unpublished studies. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) to appraise the risk of bias of the included retrospective studies. Pooled hazard ratios (HR) and the I 2 statistic were estimated for the impact of sarcopenia on overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Results: We analyzed data from 11 studies involving 2,483 patients (39.4% on average of whom had sarcopenia). Based on the univariate analysis data, the sarcopenia group had significantly poorer OS compared to the non-sarcopenia group [HR = 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71-2.26, I 2 = 0%]. In the cutoff value subgroup, group 1, defined as skeletal muscle index (SMI) of 38.5 cm 2 /m 2 for women and 52.4 cm 2 /m 2 for men (HR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.72-3.38, I 2 = 0%), had much poorer OS. In the race subgroup, the results were consistent between the Asia (HR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.59-2.81) and non-Asia group (HR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.64-2.25). The sarcopenia group also had significantly poorer RFS (HR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.43-2.12, I 2 = 0%). Conclusions: Presence of pre-treatment sarcopenia has a significant negative impact on OS and RFS in HNC compared with its absence. Further well-conducted studies with detailed stratification are needed to complement our findings.