Repeated exposure to head and neck CT is significantly associated with increased risk of cataract.

Multidetector computerized tomography urography is more sensitive, specific and accurate than excretory urography in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma in adult patients with hematuria. Therefore, multidetector computerized tomography urography rather than excretory urography should be the first choice noninvasive imaging modality for diagnosing upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma.

Pelvic radiograph (PXR) is essential for detecting proximal femur and pelvis injuries in trauma patients, which is also the key component for trauma survey. None of the currently available algorithms can accurately detect all kinds of trauma-related radiographic findings on PXRs. Here, we show a universal algorithm can detect most types of trauma-related radiographic findings on PXRs. We develop a multiscale deep learning algorithm called PelviXNet trained with 5204 PXRs with weakly supervised point annotation. PelviXNet yields an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.973 (95% CI, 0.960–0.983) and an area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.963 (95% CI, 0.948–0.974) in the clinical population test set of 1888 PXRs. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity at the cutoff value are 0.924 (95% CI, 0.912–0.936), 0.908 (95% CI, 0.885–0.908), and 0.932 (95% CI, 0.919–0.946), respectively. PelviXNet demonstrates comparable performance with radiologists and orthopedics in detecting pelvic and hip fractures.

Most seminal vesicle cysts were asymptomatic and did not change during long-term follow-up. MRI is a powerful tool for detecting seminal vesicle cysts and in delineating associated congenital anomalies of the urogenital tract.

We have shown that up to 31.4% of patients with esophageal SCC who achieve pCR develop tumor recurrence thereafter. Pretherapy T3-4 disease was a strong and independent adverse risk factor for 5-year tumor recurrence, DSS and DFS. High-risk patients with T3-4 disease should be followed with a strict surveillance protocol.

The results of our case series support the feasibility of image-guided video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for detection and removal of SPNs. Future efforts should be tailored to decrease localization time and minimize radiation exposure.

In acute cholecystitis, the presence of gangrene is associated with higher morbidity and mortality and necessitates open surgical intervention rather than laparoscopic cholecystectomy. As Murphy's sign may be absent, gangrene may not be detected ultrasonographically. This retrospective study evaluated indications of acute gangrenous cholecystitis on computed tomography (CT) in 25 patients, who were proven as having acute cholecysitis surgically and pathologically within 3 days of pre-operative CT. The CT images were reviewed by two board-certified radiologists blind to the initial CT report. Acute gangrenous cholecystitis was significantly correlated with the CT signs of perfusion defect (PD) of the gallbladder wall (P = 0.02), pericholecystic stranding (PS) (P = 0.028), and no-gallstone condition (No-ST) (P = 0.026). The presence of PD was associated with acute gangrenous cholecystitis with a relatively high accuracy (80%), a sensitivity of 70.6%, a specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 61.5%. The combination CT signs of PD or No-ST improved the accuracy for acute gangrenous cholecystitis to 92%, with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 88.2%, 100%, 100%, and 80%, respectively. Other CT signs were highly specific for acute gangrenous cholecystitis but of low sensitivity, including mucosal hemorrhage, mucosal sloughing, wall irregularity, pericholecystic abscess, gas formation, and portal venous thrombosis. CT was found to accurately diagnose acute cholecystitis, with the presence of PD, PS, or No-ST significantly correlated with that of gangrenous change. Thus, CT is useful in the preoperative detection of acute gangrenous cholecystitis.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly changed the current approach to cancer treatment. Although the use of ICIs has become the standard of care for advanced melanoma, reports of ICI use among Asian populations with melanoma are limited. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective study to assess the efficacy and safety of ICI use in Taiwanese patients. Conclusion:ICIs demonstrated efficacy and safety in Taiwanese patients with melanoma. Combination treatment showed the greatest efficacy, but this was also accompanied by greater toxicity among the four regimens. In addition, we identified important prognostic factors, such as liver metastases, performance status, and tumor response, for both PFS and OS. These findings could provide physicians with more information to justify clinical outcomes observed in Asian patients with advanced melanoma.