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Hollow nestlike α-Fe(2)O(3) spheres were successfully synthesized via a facile template-free, glycerol-mediated hydrothermal process employing microwave heating. The product was characterized using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption measurements. The as-prepared product was found to consist of hierarchically nanostructured spheres assembled of nanorod subunits. The effect of the relative amount of glycerol in the reaction system on the composition and morphology of the products was systematically studied, and a possible formation mechanism of the hollow nestlike spheres was proposed. Because of their large surface area and unique mesoporous structure, we investigated the potential application of the hollow α-Fe(2)O(3) spheres in water treatment. With maximum removal capacities of 75.3, 58.5, and 160 mg g(-1) for As(V), Cr(VI), and Congo red, respectively, these novel nanostructures have the potential to be used as low-cost and efficient adsorbent materials for the removal of toxic metal ions and organic pollutants from water.

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Mackerel protein hydrolysate (MPH) was purified through ultrafiltration membranes, and its effect and mechanism for anti-fatigue were investigated in mice. The result showed that MPH (<2.5 kDa) had effective free radical scavenging activities. Moreover, the MPH groups could significantly prolong exhaustion swimming time compared to the normal and other groups. The liver glycogen level was markedly increased by 33-35% and the BUN (16-17%), LA (14-19%) and MDA (16-31%) levels were decreased in the MPH group compared to that of the control group. In addition, MPH improved enzymatic antioxidant system by increasing the activities of SOD and GSH-Px. This study exhibited possible anti-fatigue mechanism of MPH, as follows: first, the MPH could supplement the concentration of blood glycogen and eliminate metabolites, which were related to fatigue; second, MPH with free radical scavenging ability could enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes, which could alleviate fatigue.