Effect and mechanism of mackerel (Pneumatophorus japonicus) peptides for anti-fatigue

Abstract

Mackerel protein hydrolysate (MPH) was purified through ultrafiltration membranes, and its effect and mechanism for anti-fatigue were investigated in mice. The result showed that MPH (<2.5 kDa) had effective free radical scavenging activities. Moreover, the MPH groups could significantly prolong exhaustion swimming time compared to the normal and other groups. The liver glycogen level was markedly increased by 33-35% and the BUN (16-17%), LA (14-19%) and MDA (16-31%) levels were decreased in the MPH group compared to that of the control group. In addition, MPH improved enzymatic antioxidant system by increasing the activities of SOD and GSH-Px. This study exhibited possible anti-fatigue mechanism of MPH, as follows: first, the MPH could supplement the concentration of blood glycogen and eliminate metabolites, which were related to fatigue; second, MPH with free radical scavenging ability could enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes, which could alleviate fatigue.

Anti-fatigue Effects of the Genistein Supplementation in Mice Subjected to Forced Swimming Test

“…Several studies have demonstrated that glycolysis was the main energy source for intense exercise over a short time, and lactate acid was the glycolysis product of carbohydrate under anaerobic conditions [4]. The increased level of lactic acid will induce many side effects of various biochemical and physiological processes, which were harmful to the body performance [12].…”

“…Forced swimming test is a commonly used technique for animal model of behavioral despair, which has been used extensively for the evaluation of anti-fatigue properties of novel compounds [4]. The length of the exhaustive swimming times indicated the degree of fatigue [11].…”

“…With physical fatigue, exhaustion and free radical theories have attracted the most attention [3]. The exhaustion theory suggests that several energy sources, such as liver glycogen and muscle glycogen, exhausts during long exercises and the concentration of blood glucose reduces, leading to physical fatigue [4]. The free radical suggests that intense exercise can induce the production and accumulation of excess reactive free radicals, resulting in oxidative stress injury to the body, which can cause physical fatigue [5].…”

Polysaccharides from Polygonatum odoratum strengthen antioxidant defense system and attenuate lipid peroxidation against exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress in mice

“…The mice in the PPO treatment groups were administered increasing doses of PPO (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight) by oral gavage once daily for 28 days, and mice in the control group were administered distilled water instead of PPO at the equivalent volume (2.0 mL). After final treatment with PPO or distilled water, a forced swimming test was performed as described in the literature [17,18] with small changes. Briefly, the animals were permitted to rest for 30 min and were then loaded with a bundle of lead skin attached to their tails, which weighed ~5 % of their body weight.…”

Anti-fatigue Properties of Icariin Isolated from Epimedium Brevicornum Maxim in Mice

“…Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at a level commensurate with normal ability, while mental fatigue may manifest in the form of decreased attention, reduced ability to concentrate, or somnolence [2]. There are several theories about the causes of fatigue, such as exhaustion theory, homeostasis disturbance theory, clogging theory, free radical theory and catastrophe theory [3]. Among these, free radical theory has attracted much attention in anti-fatigue study.…”