Inonotus sanghuang (IS) is a mushroom species with some bioactivity. In this study, we characterized in Inonotus sanghuang polyphenolic compounds and assessed antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial activities. Inonotus sanghuang was first extracted using ethanol and then the resulting ethanol extract was sequentially partitioned into four fractions. Among these fractions, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) appeared to contain constituents with the largest antioxidant capacity as demonstrated by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays (p ≤ 0.05). This fraction also displayed the strongest antiproliferative effect against tumor cell PC3 (IC 50, 70.8 µg/mL) determined using a CCK-8 assay. Further, the EAF showed antimicrobial activities against 3 gram-positive bacteria evaluated using an agar well diffusion method. Using LC-MS, six polyphenolics, e.g., rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercitrin, isorhamnetin, quercetin and icarisid II, were identified in the EAF. Total phenol content of Inonotus sanghuang was correlated significantly with FRAP value (r = 0.988, p ≤ 0.001). Thus, the EAF of wild Inonotus sanghuang contains constituents with potent antioxidant, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities.
Adjuvant radiotherapy is an important clinical treatment for the majority of gastric cancer, a common cancer. However, radiotherapy is a double-edged sword. It is necessary to develop a method to predict radiosensitive patients who are most likely to benefit from radiotherapy. Using the publicly available data of gastric cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we developed a gene signature that predicts radiosensitive patients through estimating a new index, nominal HR (nHR) (HR product of sensitive genes), for each patient. In this study, we provided several results to validate our prediction. Cross-validation results showed that the predicted radiosensitive patients who received radiotherapy had significantly better survival than predicted radiosensitive patients who did not receive radiotherapy. After adjusting for other clinical factors, including age, sex, target therapy, histologic diagnosis, tumor stage, the benefit of radiotherapy on predicted radiosensitive patient remained significant. In addition, predicted radiosensitive patients who received radiotherapy had a significantly reduced rate of disease progression. Taken together, we have obtained a set of genes, to identify radiosensitive patients with gastric cancer. These genes may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, which could give new insight for revealing the underlying mechanism of radiosensitivity of gastric cancer.
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