Polyphenolic composition and antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial activities of mushroom Inonotus sanghuang

Abstract

Inonotus sanghuang (IS) is a mushroom species with some bioactivity. In this study, we characterized in Inonotus sanghuang polyphenolic compounds and assessed antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial activities. Inonotus sanghuang was first extracted using ethanol and then the resulting ethanol extract was sequentially partitioned into four fractions. Among these fractions, ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) appeared to contain constituents with the largest antioxidant capacity as demonstrated by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays (p ≤ 0.05). This fraction also displayed the strongest antiproliferative effect against tumor cell PC3 (IC 50, 70.8 µg/mL) determined using a CCK-8 assay. Further, the EAF showed antimicrobial activities against 3 gram-positive bacteria evaluated using an agar well diffusion method. Using LC-MS, six polyphenolics, e.g., rutin, chlorogenic acid, quercitrin, isorhamnetin, quercetin and icarisid II, were identified in the EAF. Total phenol content of Inonotus sanghuang was correlated significantly with FRAP value (r = 0.988, p ≤ 0.001). Thus, the EAF of wild Inonotus sanghuang contains constituents with potent antioxidant, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities.

Effect of cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus on substrates supplemented with herb residues on yield characteristics, substrates degradation, and fruiting bodies’ properties

“…The thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) assay was performed according to Liu et al 21 The inhibition of lipid peroxidation was estimated using the following equation:…”

“…The FRAP values of the P. ostreatus extracts in our study are well within the range reported by Smolskaite et al, 36 who reported that the FRAP values of water, methanol, cyclohexane, and dichloromethane extracts of P. ostreatus mushroom varied between 1.49 and 15.49 μmol TE g −1 dw. The phenolic compounds detected in P. ostreatus may have more hydroxyl moieties that function as electron donors during reduction reactions, 21 thereby contributing to the observed high FRAP values.…”

Inonotus sanghuang Polyphenols Attenuate Inflammatory Response Via Modulating the Crosstalk Between Macrophages and Adipocytes

“…We first determined the effect of ISE at different doses on cell viability. ISE at 4.0 μg/mL, not 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/mL, used according to the anti-oxidant activity of ISE as previously described (22), had the toxicity on cell viability (Figure 1). Thus, we used ISE concentrations at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μg/mL in the subsequent experiments to determine the working mechanisms of ISE.…”

“…I. sanghuang was collected from the Aershan Region of Inner Mongolia (Inner Mongolia, China) and I. sanghuang extract (ISE) was prepared as described previously (22). ISE polyphenols from ethyl acetate fraction of I. sanghuang powder was prepared and have been characterized as described previously to identify 6 compounds, namely, rutin, quercetin, quercitrin, icarisid II, isorhamnetin and chlorogenic acid, which have been suggested to have potent anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-microbial activities (22). Thus, we use ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) as I. sanghuang extract (ISE) for this study.…”

“…Ethanol extract of I. sanghuang mycelia produced from liquid fermentation scavenged DPPH and hydroxyl radicals has been shown to have anti-oxidant activity due to the existing phytochemicals (polyphenolics), such as rutin, eriodictyol, naringenin, and sakuranetin (21). Our recent in vitro study has shown that the anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-microbial activities have been found in I. Sanghuang extract (polyphenols) from another Sanghuang species, wild I. Sanghuang from the Aershan Region of Inner Mongolia (Inner Mongolia, China) (22). However, there are no studies exploring the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties of wild I. Sanghuang from the Aershan Region of Inner Mongolia and its use for the prevention/treatment of inflammation-related diseases.…”