Surface defect passivation, which plays a vital role
in achieving
high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in a spin-coating process,
is rarely compatible with a printing process. Currently, printing
PSCs with high efficiency remains a challenge, as only a few laboratories
realized an efficiency of over 20%. In this work, zwitterionic compounds
2-hydroxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (HETACl) and butyltrimethylammonium
chloride (BTACl) were introduced, both of which can spontaneously
adsorb on the surface perovskite and form an ultrathin passivation
layer by a dip coating method. The complex formed by the strong interaction
of HETACl with MAI on the surface of the perovskite film leads to
the formation of a rough perovskite surface, which affects the enhancement
of device performance. BTACl with a chemically inert side chain induces
a weak interaction with the perovskite. It is demonstrated that BTACl
not only passivates surface defects of the perovskite but also heals
the grain boundaries and results in more uniform crystallizations.
Finally, PSCs upon BTACl treatment were blade-coated in an ambient
environment with a relative humidity of <50%, which produced a
champion efficiency of 20.5% with negligible hysteresis, and the active
area of the cell device was 0.095 cm2. After being stored
in air for 30 days, unencapsulated PSCs treated with BTACl retained
95% of their initial efficiency, which is far superior to that of
the control and those treated with HETACl.
One-step synthesis method was proposed to obtain the nanocomposites of platinum nanoclusters and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PtNCs-MWNTs), which were used as a novel immobilization matrix for the enzyme to fabricate glucose biosensor. The fabrication process of the biosensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscope. Due to the favorable characteristic of PtNCs-MWNTs nanocomposites, the biosensor exhibited good characteristics, such as wide linear range (3.0 μM-12.1 mM), low detection limit (1.0 μM), high sensitivity (12.8 μA mM⁻¹), rapid response time (within 6 s). The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(app)(m)) is 2.1 mM. The performance of the resulting biosensor is more prominent than that of most of the reported glucose biosensors. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that this biosensor can be used for the assay of glucose in human serum samples.
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