Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in the development of human cancers. The lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is reported to be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. However, the roles of GAS5 and its related miRNAs in osteosarcoma are poorly understood. This study explored the potential functions and mechanisms of GAS5 in the tumorigenesis of osteosarcoma. Here, the expression of GAS5, miR-221 and aplasia Ras homologue member I (ARHI) was determined in osteosarcoma tissues and cells by Real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The underlying mechanism of GAS5 in osteosarcoma growth was analyzed via MTT, Transwell, RT-qPCR, Western blot, dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation, and xenograft models after GAS5 overexpression. GAS5 and ARHI levels were significantly reduced, while miR-221 increased, both in osteosarcoma tissues and cells. Overexpression of GAS5 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells. GAS5 could directly bind to miR-221 to decrease miR-221 expression and enhance ARHI expression. The effect of GAS5 overexpression on the proliferation, migration and EMT was reversed by miR-221 mimics or ARHI siRNA in osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, GAS5 suppressed tumor volume, Ki-67 and PCNA staining, and EMT process in the development of osteosarcoma in vivo. Taken together, lncRNA GAS5 functions as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-221 to suppress cell growth and EMT in osteosarcoma by regulating the miR-221/ARHI pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4772-4781, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

MPFL reconstruction with the double-transverse tunnels technique is safe and effective in patients of all ages, without marked predisposing anatomic abnormalities and moderate/severe osteochondral lesions, who suffered recurrent dislocation of the patella.

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the suitable dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus reared in net pens. Ten test diets were formulated at five levels of crude protein (330, 370, 410, 450 or 490 g kg À1 ) and two levels of crude lipid (65 or 125 g kg À1 ). Golden pompano fingerlings (initial body weight 4.7 g ind À1 ) were fed the test diets for 8 weeks. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), energy retention efficiency (ERE), condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), body protein content and total nitrogen waste (TNW) were dependent on both dietary protein and lipid levels. Feed intake (FI) and viscersomatic index (VSI) were dependent on dietary protein level, while body lipid content was dependent on dietary lipid level. Weight gain increased with increasing the dietary protein level (at the same lipid level) but was lower at the dietary lipid level of 65 g kg À1 than at 125 g kg À1 (at the same protein level). Fish fed at the dietary protein levels of 460-490 g kg À1 had higher WG and lower FCR than at 330-410 g kg À1 . Energy retention efficiency tended to increase with increasing the dietary protein level from 330 to 410 g kg À1 , while no significant difference was found in nitrogen retention efficiency between the dietary protein levels (at the same lipid level). Results of this study suggest increasing the dietary lipid level from 65 to 125 g kg À1 could not induce protein-sparing action in golden pompano, and the suitable dietary protein and lipid levels for juvenile golden pompano reared in net pens should be 450-490 and 65 g kg À1 .

This study evaluated the potential of using poultry by‐product meal (PBM) to replace fish meal in diets for Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Fish (initial body weight 8.5 g fish−1) were fed six isoproteic and isoenergetic diets in which fish meal level was reduced from 400 g kg−1 (diet C) to 320 (diet PM1), 240 (diet PM2), 160 (diet PM3), 80 (diet PM4) or 0 g kg−1 (diet PM5), using PBM as the fish meal substitute. The weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, nitrogen retention efficiency, energy retention efficiency and retention efficiency of indispensable amino acids were higher in fish fed PM1, PM2, PM3 and PM4 diets than in fish fed diets C or PM5. The phosphorus retention efficiency was lower in fish fed PM3, PM4 and PM5 diets than in fish fed C, PM1 or PM2 diets. Fish fed diet PM5 had the highest feed conversion ratio, total nitrogen waste output (TNW) and total phosphorus waste output (TPW) among the treatments. No significant differences were found in the hepatosomatic index or body contents of moisture, lipid and ash among the treatments. Fish fed diet C had lower condition factor and viscerosomatic index than those of fish fed PM1, PM3, PM4 and PM5 diets. The results of this study indicate that using fish meal and PBM in combination as the dietary protein source produced more benefits in the growth and feed utilization of Japanese sea bass than did using fish meal or PBM alone as the dietary protein source. The dietary fish meal level for Japanese sea bass can be reduced to 80 g kg−1 if PBM is used as a fish meal substitute.

Two 8‐wk feeding trials were conducted to examine the effect of replacing dietary fish meal with poultry by‐product meal (PBM) and soybean meal (SBM) on growth, feed utilization, body composition, and wastes output of juvenile golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus (initial body weight 16.7 g), reared in net pens. A control diet (C) was formulated to contain 35% fish meal. In Trial I, dietary fish meal level was reduced to 21, 14, 7, and 0% by replacing 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the fish meal in diet C with PBM. The weight gain (WG), nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), and energy retention efficiency (ERE) decreased, while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and total waste output of nitrogen (TNW) increased, with the fish meal level reducing from 35 to 21%. No significant differences were found in the hepatosomatic index, viscersomatic index, and body composition between fish fed diet C and test diets. In Trial II, a 2 × 2 layout was established, and 40 and 60% of the fish meal in diet C was replaced by either PBM or SBM. At the same fish meal replacement level, the WG and NRE were higher and the FCR and TNW were lower in fish fed the diets with fish meal replaced by PBM than in fish fed the diets with fish meal replaced by SBM. The results of this study indicate that more than 21% fish meal must be retained in diets for golden pompano when PBM or SBM is used alone as a fish meal substitute.