Optimizing dietary protein sources for Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) with an emphasis on using poultry by-product meal to substitute fish meal

Abstract

This study evaluated the potential of using poultry by‐product meal (PBM) to replace fish meal in diets for Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Fish (initial body weight 8.5 g fish−1) were fed six isoproteic and isoenergetic diets in which fish meal level was reduced from 400 g kg−1 (diet C) to 320 (diet PM1), 240 (diet PM2), 160 (diet PM3), 80 (diet PM4) or 0 g kg−1 (diet PM5), using PBM as the fish meal substitute. The weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, nitrogen retention efficiency, energy retention efficiency and retention efficiency of indispensable amino acids were higher in fish fed PM1, PM2, PM3 and PM4 diets than in fish fed diets C or PM5. The phosphorus retention efficiency was lower in fish fed PM3, PM4 and PM5 diets than in fish fed C, PM1 or PM2 diets. Fish fed diet PM5 had the highest feed conversion ratio, total nitrogen waste output (TNW) and total phosphorus waste output (TPW) among the treatments. No significant differences were found in the hepatosomatic index or body contents of moisture, lipid and ash among the treatments. Fish fed diet C had lower condition factor and viscerosomatic index than those of fish fed PM1, PM3, PM4 and PM5 diets. The results of this study indicate that using fish meal and PBM in combination as the dietary protein source produced more benefits in the growth and feed utilization of Japanese sea bass than did using fish meal or PBM alone as the dietary protein source. The dietary fish meal level for Japanese sea bass can be reduced to 80 g kg−1 if PBM is used as a fish meal substitute.

Alternative formulations for gilthead seabream diets: Towards a more sustainable production

“…Likewise, feeding gilthead seabream with the PAP diet (containing poultry meal, blood meal and feather meal) did not increase phosphorus losses to the environment. Phosphorus waste outputs in Japanese seabass ( Lateolabrax japonicus ) increased with high inclusion levels of dietary poultry meal (Wang et al, ), but similarly to our study, feeding giant croaker ( Nibea japonica ) on a diet based on poultry meal and feather meal did not increase phosphorus losses (Wu et al, ).…”

“…These PAP are valuable feed ingredients, as they are waste from food production and are available in large amounts in the EU (Jędrejek, Levic, Wallace, & Oleszek, ). Recent studies indicate that these are suitable alternatives to fishmeal in practical fish diets (Campos, Matos, Marques, & Valente, ; Karapanagiotidis, Psofakis, Mente, Malandrakis, & Golomazou, ; Lu, Haga, & Satoh, ; Wang, Wang, Ji, Han, & Li, ; Wu, Ren, Chai, Li, & Wang, ).…”

Replacement of Dietary Fish Meal with Poultry By‐product Meal and Soybean Meal for Golden Pompano, Trachinotus ovatus, Reared in Net Pens

“…Takagi et al () reported that fish meal can be completely replaced with PBM in diets for red sea bream, Pagrus major . The higher dietary fish meal level for golden pompano, compared with that for red drum (Kureshy et al ), red sea bream (Takagi et al ), cuneate drum (Wang et al ), Malabar grouper (Li et al ), and Japanese seabass (Wang et al ), indicates that golden pompano has a limited capacity in utilizing PBM as a fish meal substitute.…”

“…Growth rate and feed utilization efficiency generally decrease when dietary fish meal is substituted with PBM (Steffens ; Nengas et al ; Kureshy et al ; Wang et al ; Li et al ) or SBM (McGoogan and Gatlin ; Lim et al ; Tomas et al ; Wang et al ; Hernandez et al ; Kasper et al ; Martinez‐Llorens et al ; Lim et al ; Ye et al ) at high levels. However, partial replacement of dietary fish meal with PBM can improve growth performance of red sea bream (Takagi et al ), gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Yang et al ), and Japanese seabass (Wang et al ). In this study, fish experienced greater WG when fish meal was substituted by PBM at the same level than when fish meal was substituted by SBM.…”

“…Content of dietary fish meal are 29-35% in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata (Nengas et al 1999), and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Steffens 1994), fed the diets with fish meal replaced by PBM. Content of dietary fish meal can be reduced to 18% for cuneate drum, Nibea miichthioides (Wang et al 2006a), and 10-13% for red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus (Kureshy et al 2000), and Malabar grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus (Li et al 2009), and 8% for Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus (Wang et al 2014), when fish meal is replaced by PBM. Takagi et al (2000) reported that fish meal can be completely replaced with PBM in diets for red sea bream, Pagrus major.…”