A time-resolved chemiluminescence method for the determination of oxalic and tartaric acid was developed. The method is based on the kinetic distinction of the chemiluminescent reaction of Ru(bipy) 3 2+ and oxalic and tartaric acid with Ce IV . The oxalic acid system gives the highest chemiluminescence intensity at 2 s, whereas the tartaric acid system gives its most intense chemiluminescence emission at 50 s. Oxalic acid (1.4 3 10 25 -1.4 3 10 27 mol l 21 ) and tartaric acid (1.5 3 10 24 -2.9 3 10 26 mol l 21 ) in synthetic urine were determined simultaneously with RSDs of better than 5% (n = 5). The detection limits of oxalic acid and tartaric acid were 2.7 310 28 and 2.7 3 10 26 mol l 21 , respectively. The detailed chemiluminecence mechanism for the over-all process is discussed. The kinetic distinction between the oxalic and tartaric acid systems was elucidated.
The 12 November 2017 Mw 7.3 Sarpol Zahāb earthquake is one of the largest events to have occurred in the north-western Zagros fold-and-thrust belt during the instrumental period. We use teleseismic and synthetic aperture radar data to study the earthquake source parameters, rupture process and active tectonic characteristics of the event.We find that both data sets individually produce remarkably similar slip distribution, indicative of buried faulting that is consistent with the lack of significant surface rupture.Through the joint inversion of satellite radar and teleseismic data, we find that the rupture propagated rapidly (~3.2 km/s) and asymmetrically along strike to the south, but relatively slowly (~1.5 km/s) in the updip direction, and formed a single large-slip asperity with a peak slip value close to 5 m. Given the regional tectonic context of the distribution of known faults and lithologies, we suggest that the maximum slip is either located in the lowest sedimentary cover or the uppermost basement of the Mountain Front Fault.
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