Âûñîêîñêîðîñòíîå ðåçàíèå øèðîêî èñïîëüçóåòñÿ â àâèàêîñìè÷åñêîé, àâòîìîáèëüíîé è äðóãèõ îòðàñëÿõ ïðîìûøëåííîñòè. Îäíàêî êîìïëåêñíûé ìåõàíèçì ïðîöåññà âûñîêîñêîðîñòíîãî ðåçàíèÿ åùå íåäîñòàòî÷íî èçó÷åí. Íà îñíîâå àíàëèçà òåïëîâîãî ðàâíîâåñèÿ ìåaeäó òåïëîâûäåëåíèåì è ïîòðåáëåíèåì ýíåðãèè ïðè âûñîêîñêîðîñòíîé îáðàáîòêå áåç ñìàçî÷íî-îõëàaeäàþùåé aeèäêîñòè ïðåäëîaeåíû ìîäåëè òåïëîâûõ èñòî÷íèêîâ è ïîëåé òåìïåðàòóð ðåçàíèÿ. Äëÿ àíàëèçà âëèÿíèÿ âûäåëåíèÿ è âûõîäà òåïëà ïðè îáðàáîòêå íà âûñîêèõ ñêîðîñòÿõ ðåçàíèÿ âûâåäåíû ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå ìîäåëè òåìïåðàòóð ðåçàíèÿ äëÿ òðåõ çîí äåôîðìèðîâàíèÿ. Îïðåäåëåíû ñîîòíîøåíèÿ ðàñïðåäåëåíèÿ òåïëà ìåaeäó ñòðóaeêîé, ðåçàêîì è çàãîòîâêîé, èëëþñòðèðóþùèå ñòåïåíü ïðîïîðöèîíàëüíîñòè ñî ñêîðîñòüþ ñ ïîìîùüþ ïàêåòà ïðèêëàäíûõ ïðîãðàìì MATLAB. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: âûñîêîñêîðîñòíîå ðåçàíèå áåç ñìàçî÷íî-îõëàaeäàþùåé aeèäêîñòè, ïîëå òåìïåðàòóð, ðàñïðåäåëåíèå òåïëà, âûäåëÿþùåãîñÿ ïðè ðåçàíèè, àíàëèòè÷åñêèé ìåòîä. Introduction. Cutting heat is a kind of important physical phenomenon during the metal-cutting process, which implies a temperature increment in the cutting area. This temperature and its distribution can affect the cutting forces, chip deformation, tool wear, and finished surface quality. For the particular cutting conditions, the temperature depends on cutting speed. The major part of energy spent during high-speed cutting (HSC) is converted into heat energy, with a small share being stored in the deformed materials [1-3].
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Abstract. To study the deformation mechanism of high manganese steel at high-speed machining and the influence of cutting parameters on a quality of machined surface and on a tool wear, we conducted a serial of tests cutting high manganese steel with metal ceramic tool. By observing the macroscopic chip and measuring its micro-morphology with optical microscope under the condition of five groups of cutting parameters, the effect of cutting speed and amount of feed on chip shape was analyzed. The main mechanism of chip deformation and its effect on chip morphology and tool wear has been studied, and a linear model of surface roughness has been built with regression test method for predicting machined quality. The results show that the deformation mechanism of high manganese steel at high-speed cutting is the concentrated shear or adiabatic shear, and the reason of tool wear is a coherent wear combining abrasive wear and oxidative wear. The model of surface roughness obtained can preferably be used to forecast the machined surface quality by given cutting parameters, or determine cutting parameters with the required roughness height.High manganese steel is the typical wear-resistant steel with advantages of good castability and low cost. Under the condition of a strong load, the surface of high manganese steel part is intensified due to work hardening, and its surface texture becomes martensite from austenite, and hardness increase to 450~550HB from 180~220HB while its keeps the original property in nexine. Therefore, high manganese steel has been widely used because of its high abrasive resistance, shock resistance and antifatigue crack. However, no other than the surface hardening, low heat conductivity coefficient, large elongation and deformation coefficient, it presents high cutting temperature, big cutting force, serious wear of tool and formed built-up edge when high manganese steel is being machined, which is then hard to control the machining precision and surface quality and to break up the chip. Hence, high manganese steel belongs to difficult-to-process material. The cost to process it is high and the range of application is limited. Hu yong-ke [1] makes a research on the processing technic of high manganese steel, summarizing the method of choosing tool material and geometrical parameters. Xu li et al. [2] set up a constitutive model of the plastic deformational behavior of high manganese steel, which can provide a basis for emulate study the cutting property. Xu yu-dong et al. [3][4] studied the matching of metal ceramic tool to process the high manganese steel, which indicates that the tool is not suit for cutting chilled cast iron. Liu zhan-qiang, Ai Xing et al [5][6]. studied the synthesis technique of high-speed cutting (HSC) and abrasion morphology of tool surface, which proved the advantages of high speed cutting. In consideration of the character of high manganese steel and the advantage of HSC, the cutting deformation morphology was observed and analyzed by an experiment of HSC with metal cer...
The characteristics of serrated chips were analyzed using the theory of shear-slipping deformation at high speed cutting, with geometric and mathematic models of the chip built. Deformation of continuous chip for scissile metal materials can be analyzed and controlled by analogous methods that are employed at normal cutting speed. Geometrical model about serrated chip for difficult-to-cut material under orthogonal cutting condition is offered by proper simplifying. The nonlinear equations of indices related to some factors for measuring deformation degree of chip have been ascertained. Based on the condition fo forces equilibrium with respect to single serrated chip at the moment when it is to be in shear instability, forces equilibrium equations are obtained, with shear force and shear velocity as well as friction force and flowing velocity for a chip segment found. Finally, energy equations of cutting are acquired from deformation energy and friction work consumed in the course of chip formation, which can be offered to the further study of mechanism of high speed machining and the design of high speed machine tool.
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