The alleviative effects of exogenous calcium on copper phytotoxicity were investigated in Elodea canadensis plants. There was a significant accumulation of Cu in the plants after their exposure to 0.01 mM Cu accompanied by many symptoms of toxicity. Increased uptake of Cu severely reduced content of photosynthetic pigments, soluble proteins, and free proline. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), reduced glutathione (GSH), and non-protein thiol (NP-SH) were severely suppressed in Cu-stressed plants resulting in a rapid increase in content of superoxide anion (O 2•− ), hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and cell death. Simultaneous application of Ca markedly increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, soluble proteins, free proline, T-AOC, GSH, and NP-SH, and reduced oxidative damage as indicated by lowered content of MDA, O 2•− , and H 2 O 2 ; and decreased cell death. Furthermore, application of Ca reduced Cu uptake and effectively reversed the Cu-induced nutrient imbalance.
à Ëàáîðàòîðèÿ ïðîèçâîäñòâà è ïðèìåíåíèÿ öèôðîâûõ òåõíîëîãèé, Ìèíèñòåðñòâî îáðàçîâàíèÿ, Ëàíü÷aeîóñêèé òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò, Ëàíü÷aeîó, Êèòàé á Ôàêóëüòåò ìàøèíîñòðîåíèÿ è ýëåêòðîíèêè, Ëàíü÷aeîóñêèé òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèé óíèâåðñèòåò, Ëàíü÷aeîó, Êèòàé Ïðåäëîaeåí íîâûé ìåòîä îöåíêè óñòàëîñòíîé äîëãîâå÷íîñòè TiAl ñïëàâîâ ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì êîëè÷åñòâåííîãî è êà÷åñòâåííîãî àíàëèçà. Ñ ïîìîùüþ êîëè÷åñòâåííîãî àíàëèçà îïðåäåëåíî âëèÿíèå ìèêðîñòðóêòóðû TiAl ñïëàâîâ íà èõ óñòàëîñòíóþ äîëãîâå÷íîñòü. Ðàñ÷åò óñèëèÿ ìåaeäó äèñëîêàöèÿìè ïðîâåäåí ïî ñòàíäàðòíîé ôîðìóëå, ñ ïîìîùüþ êîòîðîé ìîaeíî ïîëó-÷èòü òî÷íûé ðåçóëüòàò. Êîëè÷åñòâåííûé è êà÷åñòâåííûé àíàëèç ïîêàçàë, ÷òî óñòàëîñòíóþ äîëãîâå÷íîñòü ìîaeíî ïîâûñèòü ïóòåì ââåäåíèÿ ìèêðîýëåìåíòîâ, êîòîðûå ñïîñîáñòâóþò èçìåëü÷åíèþ çåðåí.Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: òèòàíîâûé ñïëàâ àëþìèíèÿ, óñòàëîñòíàÿ òðåùèíà, óñòàëîñòíàÿ äîëãîâå÷íîñòü, îöåíêà äîëãîâå÷íîñòè, óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàííûé ìåòîä.Introduction. The aero-gas turbine industry has been instrumental in the development of conventional titanium alloys and associated processing techniques since their beginning in the late 1950s [1]. Titanium aluminum alloys are known to be the key raw materials for manufacturing of the mechanical parts in high-temperature, and they have been widely used in many key areas, such as jet engine, aerogas turbine shell or structure, etc. Titanium aluminum alloys are examples of novel materials with great potential and competitiveness [2][3][4]. The reason why titanium aluminum alloys have been widely used is that they have several excellent characteristics such as low density, high stiffness, high resistance to burning, high strength at high temperatures, low coefficient of linear dilatation and high heat conductivity.
This paper presents experimental results of grinding of single-crystal silicon using a microvibration device and a diamond grindingwheel. Samples were cut from (100) silicon. The grinding direction was parallel to the [110] direction of (100) silicon. These samples were ground under the same grinding conditions but with different vibration directions, frequencies, and/or amplitudes. The surface roughness and the surface texture of all samples were analyzed for comparison. The R a , R q , and R t values and the microphotographs of the ground silicon surfaces showed the dependency of surface finish on the grinding with vibrations. Samples ground with vibrations had better surface finish compared with the silicon surfaces ground without vibrations. Out of the 12 experiments, the best surface finish was achieved when (100) silicon was ground with horizontal vibrations at a 70-Hz frequency and 6-m amplitude perpendicular to the grinding direction.
An improved heterogeneous dual memristive circuit (DMC) is proposed based on Chua’s circuit, which shows good symmetry and multistablility. For the difficulty in controlling the initial conditions, which restricts the engineering applications, the 3rd-order model (3OM) in flux–charge domain is derived from the 5th-order model (5OM) in volt–ampere domain by using the flux–charge analysis method (FCAM). The consistence of symmetry and multistability before and after dimensionality decreasing is meticulously investigated via bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents, and especially attraction basins. The comparative analysis validates the effectiveness of reduction model and improves the controllability of the circuit. To avoid the noise in the analog circuit, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is utilized to realize the reduction model, which is rarely reported and valuable for relevant research and application.
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