In this study, a novel recombinant type I antifreeze protein analogue (rAFP) was produced and secreted by Lactococcus lactis, a food-grade microorganism of major commercial importance. Antifreeze proteins are potent cryogenic protection agents for the cryopreservation of food and pharmaceutical materials. A food-grade expression and fermentation system (BSE- and antibiotic-free) for the production and secretion of high levels of rAFP was developed. Lyophilized, crude rAFP produced by L. lactis was tested in a frozen meat and frozen dough processing model. The frozen meat treated with the antifreeze protein showed less drip loss, less protein loss, and a high score on juiciness by sensory evaluation. Frozen dough treated with the rAFP showed better fermentation capacity than untreated frozen dough. Breads baked from frozen dough treated with rAFP acquired the same consumer acceptance as fresh bread.

In this study, we investigate the fabrication of a micromachined microwave switch using the commercial 0.35 µm double polysilicon four metal (DPFM) complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process and the post-process of only one maskless wet etching. The post-process has merits of easy execution and low cost. The post-process uses an etchant (silox vapox III) to etch the silicon dioxide layer to release the suspended structures of the microwave switch. The microwave switch is a capacitive type that is actuated by an electrostatic force. The components of the microwave switch are coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines, a suspended membrane and supported springs. Experimental results show that the driving voltage of the switch is about 17 V. The switch has an insertion loss of -2.5 dB at 50 GHz and an isolation of -15 dB at 50 GHz.

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The fabrication of a micro-machined microwave The micro-machined microwave switch is fabricated switch using the standard 0.35gm CMOS process and the using the CMOS-MMS technique in this work. The main post-process by wet etching without extra mask is advantage of the proposed microwave switch is without implemented in this work. The components of the microwave extra mask in wet etching process, which is easy to switch are coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines, a integrate into CMOS technology for low cost application. suspended membrane and supported springs. ExperimentalThe switch is a capacitive type, which is actuated by an results show that the driving voltage of the switch electrostatic force. Finally, in order to investigate the switch approximates to 17 V. The switch has an insertion loss of-1.5 -2.5dB and an isolation of -5 -15 dB between 30 50 GHz. MENEMMoreover, an equivalent circuit is proposed to analysis the performance of this switch.Cl I.