This study investigated tourist-to-tourist interactions among those with different nationalities (Japan and Taiwan) and analyzed whether tourists’ nationality significantly affects their perceptions of conflict, including cultural and behavioral conflict. Furthermore, the study also examined whether the tourists’ role typology and nationality could moderate the relationship between encounter level and the resulting conflict or diminished social distance. Results indicated that the Taiwanese tourists experienced more conflict than did their Japanese counterparts, more tourist-to-tourist encounters minimized social distance, and different perceptions of role affected the encounter reactions (either conflict or mutual understanding). In the end, the tourists’ role typology moderated the relationship between encounter level and encounter conflict; and tourist’s nationality has the moderating effect on the relationship between encounter level and social distance. In the end, the key research findings regarding tourist-to-tourist encounters and interactions were also discussed from the perspective of Confucianism.
The researchers undertook an empirical examination of the tourist images of Taiwan prior to and after visiting a Taiwanese tourist night market. A survey was distributed at Shilin night Market and generated 230 responses from Japanese, 171 from US/Canadian, and 95 from Mandarin-speaking
Chinese tourists. The data analysis indicated significant differences between the trip characteristics of respondents from the three groups. The images held by visitors from Japan and Hong Kong/Macau/China were found to be more positive after than before they visited the night market. However,
the tourism images held by visitors from the US and Canada were the same after as before visiting. The results indicated that the changes between induced (before the trip) and complex tourism images (after the trip) varied on the basis of nationality, age, occupation, education, and income.
The researchers suggest that the Taiwan Tourism Bureau and organizations associated with the tourist night market should implement marketing strategies targeted at international tourists, including promotion and product development, on the basis of their nationality and/or cultural background.
Travelling is considered one of the best ways to escape one’s day-to-day routine activities. Tourists’ travel is driven by several motivational factors, which lead them to plan or continue on a travel trip. However, since the emergence of COVID-19, travelling has become a major issue for the whole travel industry. The recent spread of Omicron makes most post-pandemic studies futile. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of motivation factors that affect tourists’ travel intention in the controlled pandemic context. The mediating role of perceived value and the moderating role of perceived travel risk were examined as well. The Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory was adopted as the theoretical foundation of the research framework. A quantitative online survey was used to collect data from 388 Malaysian and Taiwanese travelers. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the data. The results show that escape, kinship, and people are direct and indirect motivation factors that influence tourists’ intention to travel via perceived value. Notably travel risk indicated no moderating effect. The results of this study provide useful insights into tourists’ post-pandemic behaviour that offer practical implications for Asian business.
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