This paper reviews the progress in climate change adaptation and mitigation actions in sub-Saharan Africa farming systems. Farmers, organizations and Governments in the region have developed policies and innovations to adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change. It appears that the developed and implemented innovative adaptive farming systems and technologies have culminated into resultant overall productivity improvement in farming systems, necessitating scaling up in order to widely strengthen the resilience and adaptive capacity of vulnerable communities to the impacts of climate change. Additionally, climate governance instruments that are aligned to the ratified international treaties have been developed and related programs have been rolled out in different countries. This offers hope for well-coordinated efforts and interventions for the mitigation and adaptation to the adverse impacts of climate change on the environment and livelihoods. Observably, there is a pressing need to scale up climate smart innovations sustainably through creation of an enabling policy environment, capacity building, and conducting climate change related research and outreach, and effective dissemination of climate technologies and information, especially in remote areas in the region. Since climate change is a global issue, local initiatives and actions for mitigating and adapting to the adverse impacts ought to be well integrated into the broader international context.
The peri-urban area of Bamako contains many chicken breeding production farms. The conditions of these farms can constitute risk factors. The insufficiency of scientific data relating to the environment of those farms and to the various inputs makes it difficult to determine their real impact on the sanitary quality of food.
Our study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of the food and water used in 15 farms in the peri-urban area of Bamako.
The results showed that all of the analyzed water samples had more or less aflatoxin content with a maximum value of 12.2 ppb observed on the Bamako-Tienfala axis. The presence of mould was also detected in 46.6% of the water samples analyzed with a higher frequency in well water, i.e. 26.66%.
Salmonella contamination of water has been observed in samples taken on all axes, with a strong dominance on the Bamako-Kati axis. For poultry foods the samples taken from farms on the Bamako-Kassela and Bamako-Siby axes were positive.
Poultry food and water used in chicken breeding production are risk factors identified in the production system.
Cassava growth in Côte d'Ivoire is affected by the variation in weather conditions and various pests and diseases. Cassava Bacterial Blight is a particularly destructive disease influenced by weather conditions which can lead to 100% yield loss. In order to provide sustainable control strategies, it is essential to understand the occurrence and the behaviour of the disease in the different ecological zones in Côte d'Ivoire. Surveys were carried out in cassava fields from 2014 to 2017 in the seven Ivorian agro-ecological zones. These fields were assessed for the disease presence/absence, the severity index (SI) and the disease incidence (DI). Weather data were provided by weather stations in Côte d'Ivoire. The results of this study showed that the disease was present in mainly the agro-ecological zones 1, 2, 3 and 4 representing the higher yield potential zones of cassava production. Disease expression was variable depending on the years and the prevalent weather conditions in each agro-ecological zone. The high SI and DI were found in the agro-ecological zones 1, 4 and 6. The disease was able to reach rates of 100% in many zones for both SI and DI with dieback incidence mainly in the agroecological 1, 4 and 6 zones under unfavourable (low rainfall, RH, NRD) and favourable conditions. It is therefore urgent to implement control strategies such as such as the integration of new cassava varieties, screening under different agroecological zones and improvement of varieties in order to provide resistant varieties to the farmers.
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