The nasal septum repair surgery is the dangerous operations that any stimulation of this area causes a large change in the rhythm of the heartbeat and blood pressure. This study aimed to determine the effects of tetracaine 0.5% on changes in heartbeat and heart rhythm, hemodynamic changes during surgery, intraoperative bleeding, and pain after septoplasty surgery. The irregular double-blind clinical trial registry of clinical trials Iran with the code number (IRCT: 20150526625N8) in the first half of 2013 on 86 patients in Kashani hospital of Shahrekord. Having selected and matched the patients were divided into two groups. Case group was dropped tetracaine 0.5% in each of the nasal cavity 15 min before the beginning of the operation. The control group was dropped distilled water 15 min preoperation in each of the nasal cavity. The surgery lasted about 30–60 min. Clinical symptoms were evaluated after anesthetic induction as well as pain using the visual analog scale after the operation, in the recovery room. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version software 17 through independent t-test, Chi-square, and repeated measures variance analysis. Postoperative pain intensity in the experimental group compared to the control group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05); however, blood pressure and heart rate during anesthesia, there was no difference between groups (P > 0.05). Based on the findings, intake of tetracaine drop 0.5% has no impact on some hemodynamic changes during septoplasty operation. However, compared with the control group, pain was significantly reduced.

BackgroundNosocomial infections are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity in hospitals, especially in intensive care units (ICUs).ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the impact of garlic tablets on nosocomial infections in hospitalized patients in intensive care units.MethodsThis clinical trial was carried out on 94 patients, admitted to the intensive care units in Kashani and Al-Zahra hospitals from January 21, 2014 to December 20, 2014. Firstly, the patients were randomly selected by simple sampling, then they were assigned into case and control groups. The case group administered one 400 mg garlic tablet daily for 6 days and the control group received placebo. During the study, inflammatory blood factors and infection occurrence in the two groups were compared. The Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 through descriptive tests such as independent t-test, Chi-square test, ANOVA and exact Fisher test for the analyses of primary and secondary outcomes.ResultsDuring the study period, 78 cases of intravenous catheter tip were sent to laboratory for culture, of which, 37 cases were in the intervention group and 41 in the control group. Culture results of Catheter tips was positive in 5 cases and all five cases were in the control group. Frequency distribution of catheter tip culture was significantly higher in the control group than that of the intervention group (p=0.03).ConclusionBased on the results of our study, in people with weakened immune systems and in people with high incidence of opportunistic infections, it is necessary to strengthen their body’s immune system stimulants before dealing with these infectious agents, and cause decrease in the diseases insusceptible people. It was suggested that garlic supplementation has shown to be effective in patients admitted to ICU, who are highly susceptible to nosocomial infection, and it can be used for the prevention of septicemia and urinary tract infections. However, further research with larger sample size is needed.Trial registrationThe trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (http://www.irct.ir) with the Irct ID: IRCT207406156480N6.FundingShahrekord University of Medical Sciences financially supported this research.

Introduction: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common infection with high mortality (24-50%). Ondansetron is a reliable and safe drug and it is currently used in the prevention of nausea and vomiting and has no side effects.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was assessment of intramuscular Midazolam as a premedication on post operative pain and vital signs during a period of eight hours, and to test our hypothesis that the patients are more comfortable and suffering less pain after operation. Methods: A total of eighty patients aged 15-60 years whom were scheduled for elective inguinal herniorraphy were divided in to two groups of forty each; with ASA class Ι, П; were randomly allocated for this study. Group A "The Test Group" received 0.1mg/kg Midazolam intramuscularly, and Group B "The Control Group" received 0.02cc/kg Saline just after inducing anesthesia with Fentanyl 3μg/kg, Thiopental 5mg/kg as well as Succinylcoline 1.5 mg/kg, and study was done in a randomized double blind fashion. Popular McGill questionnaires were filled for pain severity assessment in four stages (1, 2, 3 and 8 hours after operation), and the patients, vital signs were charted in five stages (preoperative and 1, 2, 3, and 8 hours after operation). The data so obtained was analyzed statistically using Student t test and Chi-Square. Results: Postoperative pain score average at the first hour in the test group was 2.3 in comparison with 6.6 in the control group (ρ<0.05). After second and third hours of operation scores of 3.6 and 3.8 in comparison with 6.4 and 6.2 were related to the test and the control groups, respectively (ρ<0.05). Vital Signs of the patients in the test group were more stable than the control group during the two-hour recovery period (ρ<0.05). Moreover, the need of intravenous opiate for relieving pain during recover period in the test group was less than the control group. Discussion: Intramuscular Midazolam appears to cause pain relief after herniorraphy, particularly during recovery period.