Background: General Self-efficacy is a key variable in clinical, educational, social, developmental, health and personality psychology that can affect the outcomes of people's lives. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between family functions and personality traits with general self-efficacy among university students and the general population. Methods: To conduct this two-part study, the first part was carried out on a sample of 500 students, and in the second part the study was repeated on a larger sample consisting of 1000 participants from the general population data were collected from the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Family Assessment Device (FAD), and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R). The analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, Fisher's z test and regression analysis. Results: The results of the present study revealed that all the subscales of family functions and all personality traits are significantly related to general self-efficacy among university students and general population (p < 0.001). But in the general population, there was no significant correlation between openness to experience with general self-efficacy) (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the results of regression analysis showed subscales of family functions and all personality traits together can predict 27 and 35% of the variance in general self-efficacy among university students and the general population, respectively. Conclusion: Personality traits play a role in predicting general self-efficacy, but the personality trait of conscientiousness plays a greater role than other personality traits and also compared to family functioning, personality traits play a greater role in predicting general self-efficacy.
Background: Given the significance of sleep quality among pregnant women and its effects on the health of the fetus and pregnant mothers, the present study aimed to investigate the correlation of quality of sleep with repetitive negative thoughts and emotional dysregulation among pregnant women. Methods: In this correlational descriptive study, 300 pregnant women, residing in Kermanshah and presenting to OB/GYN offices during a month, were selected through convenience sampling. Three questionnaires were utilized for data collection: repetitive negative thoughts, emotional dysregulation, and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Finally, the data was analyzed in SPSS V. 21 and Amos V. 21. Results: The results of the present study revealed that all components of emotional dysregulation were positively correlated with quality of sleep, and there were significant relationships between all three components of repetitive negative thoughts and quality of sleep. Further, the results indicated that repetitive negative thoughts could the quality of sleep (0.22) (P < 0.009). However, emotional dysregulation did not have any significant direct effects on the quality of sleep. In other words, emotional dysregulation was found to affect the quality of sleep through repetitive negative thoughts (0.15), (P < 0.01). Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, it was concluded that the quality of sleep was reduced by emotional dysregulation when repetitive negative thoughts were high. Therefore, it can be concluded that negative repetitive thoughts have a negative influence on the quality of sleep.
Introduction: Suicide is one of the mental health problems and the third leading cause of death among adolescents. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of experimental avoidance, emotional regulation difficulties, and body image concern in predicting the probability of suicide among adolescent girls. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive of the type of correlation and the statistical population included all adolescent girls in Kermanshah City in 2019. By available sampling method and based on Morgan table, 350 people were selected as a sample. The research instruments included the adolescents Suicide Questionnaire, the Bond et al. Experimental Avoidance Questionnaire, the Grater and Roemer Emotional Regulation Difficulties Scale, and the Lillton body image concern questionnaire, all of which were valid and reliable. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis were used simultaneously, which were finally analyzed by SPSS software version 22. Results: The results showed that experimental avoidance, emotional regulation difficulties components (except lack of emotional awareness), and body image concern had a significant effect on the probability of suicide (P>0.001). The results of the analysis also showed that the predictor variables together can accurately determine the 27.7% the probability of suicide. Conclusion: The probability of suicide in adolescent girls can be predicted by the variables of experimental avoidance, emotional regulation difficulties, and body image concern. Therefore, it is suggested that psychologists and counselors pay attention to the role of experimental avoidance, emotional regulation difficulties, and body image concern to reduce adolescent's suicide.
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